Dr. Henry Gee

they were probably no better or worse living in their environment than any other human. They had to be seasoned by contact with other humans. Now, the modern view of the origin of Homo sapiens is that groups of Homo sapiens would diverge and then come together again and then diverge again throughout Africa for a very long time.

they were probably no better or worse living in their environment than any other human. They had to be seasoned by contact with other humans. Now, the modern view of the origin of Homo sapiens is that groups of Homo sapiens would diverge and then come together again and then diverge again throughout Africa for a very long time.

they were probably no better or worse living in their environment than any other human. They had to be seasoned by contact with other humans. Now, the modern view of the origin of Homo sapiens is that groups of Homo sapiens would diverge and then come together again and then diverge again throughout Africa for a very long time.

probably interbreeding with other African hominins whose existence we know very little about except in their DNA and also the occasional discovery of bones that are very recent in date but look very archaic. I mean, there's a very famous skull from Iho Eluru in Nigeria that's been known for a long time. It's only 20-something thousand years old, but it looks very, very archaic.

probably interbreeding with other African hominins whose existence we know very little about except in their DNA and also the occasional discovery of bones that are very recent in date but look very archaic. I mean, there's a very famous skull from Iho Eluru in Nigeria that's been known for a long time. It's only 20-something thousand years old, but it looks very, very archaic.

probably interbreeding with other African hominins whose existence we know very little about except in their DNA and also the occasional discovery of bones that are very recent in date but look very archaic. I mean, there's a very famous skull from Iho Eluru in Nigeria that's been known for a long time. It's only 20-something thousand years old, but it looks very, very archaic.

And there are other things like that. So there was a great deal of diversity in Africa, a huge amount of diversity. And so there were hominins interbreeding with each other to make Homo sapiens. But at the same time, Homo sapiens were starting to move out of Africa. Now, the first essays in migration in Africa were a bit of a failure.

And there are other things like that. So there was a great deal of diversity in Africa, a huge amount of diversity. And so there were hominins interbreeding with each other to make Homo sapiens. But at the same time, Homo sapiens were starting to move out of Africa. Now, the first essays in migration in Africa were a bit of a failure.

And there are other things like that. So there was a great deal of diversity in Africa, a huge amount of diversity. And so there were hominins interbreeding with each other to make Homo sapiens. But at the same time, Homo sapiens were starting to move out of Africa. Now, the first essays in migration in Africa were a bit of a failure.

There's Homo sapiens found in Greece that's over 200,000 years ago, but it didn't last. Also, in what is now Israel, there's the Mount Carmel Massif, where Neanderthals and modern humans tended to have a kind of timeshare arrangement with all the caves. In some caves, there are Neanderthals. In some, there are modern humans.

There's Homo sapiens found in Greece that's over 200,000 years ago, but it didn't last. Also, in what is now Israel, there's the Mount Carmel Massif, where Neanderthals and modern humans tended to have a kind of timeshare arrangement with all the caves. In some caves, there are Neanderthals. In some, there are modern humans.

There's Homo sapiens found in Greece that's over 200,000 years ago, but it didn't last. Also, in what is now Israel, there's the Mount Carmel Massif, where Neanderthals and modern humans tended to have a kind of timeshare arrangement with all the caves. In some caves, there are Neanderthals. In some, there are modern humans.

And what seems to be the shocker is the modern humans lived there before the Neanderthals did, and they didn't live there that long. So what happens is modern humans tried to get out of Africa, but the Neanderthals had everywhere else kind of locked up. So they didn't compete with them very well, and they probably just visited occasionally in warmer places. spells of climate.

And what seems to be the shocker is the modern humans lived there before the Neanderthals did, and they didn't live there that long. So what happens is modern humans tried to get out of Africa, but the Neanderthals had everywhere else kind of locked up. So they didn't compete with them very well, and they probably just visited occasionally in warmer places. spells of climate.

And what seems to be the shocker is the modern humans lived there before the Neanderthals did, and they didn't live there that long. So what happens is modern humans tried to get out of Africa, but the Neanderthals had everywhere else kind of locked up. So they didn't compete with them very well, and they probably just visited occasionally in warmer places. spells of climate.

But things change because from about 100,000 years ago, maybe slightly more, between 120,000 years ago and 50,000 years ago was quite a warm spell in the Earth's climate. And that's when modern humans in several waves came out of Africa. There were two possible routes.

But things change because from about 100,000 years ago, maybe slightly more, between 120,000 years ago and 50,000 years ago was quite a warm spell in the Earth's climate. And that's when modern humans in several waves came out of Africa. There were two possible routes.

But things change because from about 100,000 years ago, maybe slightly more, between 120,000 years ago and 50,000 years ago was quite a warm spell in the Earth's climate. And that's when modern humans in several waves came out of Africa. There were two possible routes.

One was through the Sinai Peninsula, and the other was at the other end of Arabia, the Bab el-Mandeb Straits, which might have been much narrower back in those days. But one shouldn't get the impression this was a kind of mosaic exodus. They all kind of decided to go all at once. I mean, it was dribs and drabs. Some were more dribs and drabs than others over a very long period.

One was through the Sinai Peninsula, and the other was at the other end of Arabia, the Bab el-Mandeb Straits, which might have been much narrower back in those days. But one shouldn't get the impression this was a kind of mosaic exodus. They all kind of decided to go all at once. I mean, it was dribs and drabs. Some were more dribs and drabs than others over a very long period.