Dr Jacqueline Roweth

It was one of the most devastating attacks since the beginning of full-scale invasion that included at least 50 missiles and 700 drones attacking Kiev and other cities.

Who knows about the projections?

It all depends on what we do.

Is this an economic cost?

Absolutely.

Is it demoralising for landowners to see the advance of these trees which are not useful and which actually affect the soil quality and the biodiversity that might otherwise be living them?

It's very depressing.

We've seen the Molesworth argument about who should manage it between dock and farm.

For instance, Landcorp Trading as Palmer was trying to do a job.

It's very difficult to control them.

They either require individual attention trying to pull them out, and you know what it's like dealing with a real Christmas tree, or aggressive chemicals and putting them out by helicopter.

Well, that's pretty...

Oh, it goes everywhere.

Well, they try and make sure it doesn't go everywhere, but it requires a lot of specialist equipment and personal protective equipment.

They are very aggressive chemicals because these things, and it's not just radioactive pine.

People think of them as, oh, well, it's the pine tree forests that are causing the problem, but there are about 10 different species involved.

They are very resilient.

They can get their pollen everywhere and then take advantage of a tiny microclimate and get going.

And then you've got this problem that's forecast to create billions of dollars in reduction in the economy.

New Zealand can't afford that.