Dr. John Kruse

Pharmacology literature refers to it as a dopamine-acting drug, and some people are debating whether it's orexin that it's working via or dopamine. I haven't seen anything that to me gives a clear consensus. So I stick with the orexin because that's where I was taught.

Pharmacology literature refers to it as a dopamine-acting drug, and some people are debating whether it's orexin that it's working via or dopamine. I haven't seen anything that to me gives a clear consensus. So I stick with the orexin because that's where I was taught.

So orexin, getting back to the sleep-wake and the brain and arousal, as I described it, there's two ways to wake up in the morning. One way is the normal way that you just wake up and the other is being alarmed by an alarm clock, your neighbor starting their lawnmower, someone snoring, an earthquake if you're in LA or Hawaii, being startled out of sleep.

So orexin, getting back to the sleep-wake and the brain and arousal, as I described it, there's two ways to wake up in the morning. One way is the normal way that you just wake up and the other is being alarmed by an alarm clock, your neighbor starting their lawnmower, someone snoring, an earthquake if you're in LA or Hawaii, being startled out of sleep.

So orexin, getting back to the sleep-wake and the brain and arousal, as I described it, there's two ways to wake up in the morning. One way is the normal way that you just wake up and the other is being alarmed by an alarm clock, your neighbor starting their lawnmower, someone snoring, an earthquake if you're in LA or Hawaii, being startled out of sleep.

That wakefulness system is a sympathetic nervous system. The erection system is a more natural, normal waking system and it isn't arousing you, isn't, It's waking you, but it's not agitating you. Again, the claims originally was that this is how Modafinil worked. It was waking you up, but not overstimulating overrevenue.

That wakefulness system is a sympathetic nervous system. The erection system is a more natural, normal waking system and it isn't arousing you, isn't, It's waking you, but it's not agitating you. Again, the claims originally was that this is how Modafinil worked. It was waking you up, but not overstimulating overrevenue.

That wakefulness system is a sympathetic nervous system. The erection system is a more natural, normal waking system and it isn't arousing you, isn't, It's waking you, but it's not agitating you. Again, the claims originally was that this is how Modafinil worked. It was waking you up, but not overstimulating overrevenue.

So other than being developed by this French company, the entity that spent most research funds looking into what this does or doesn't do was the U.S. military. Because they have a big investment in wanting people to be alert and ready to kill 24-7, but not being hyperactive, trigger-happy jittery like stimulants can do.

So other than being developed by this French company, the entity that spent most research funds looking into what this does or doesn't do was the U.S. military. Because they have a big investment in wanting people to be alert and ready to kill 24-7, but not being hyperactive, trigger-happy jittery like stimulants can do.

So other than being developed by this French company, the entity that spent most research funds looking into what this does or doesn't do was the U.S. military. Because they have a big investment in wanting people to be alert and ready to kill 24-7, but not being hyperactive, trigger-happy jittery like stimulants can do.

And particularly in the early days, this is really dating me of the Afghan war, we dropped bombs on Canadian troops by accident, friendly fire scenario things. And the investigation, the pilot and the crew there blamed their trigger happiness on being revved up by methylphenidate. So for years, the military has relied on traditional stimulants to keep people able to fight around the clock.

And particularly in the early days, this is really dating me of the Afghan war, we dropped bombs on Canadian troops by accident, friendly fire scenario things. And the investigation, the pilot and the crew there blamed their trigger happiness on being revved up by methylphenidate. So for years, the military has relied on traditional stimulants to keep people able to fight around the clock.

And particularly in the early days, this is really dating me of the Afghan war, we dropped bombs on Canadian troops by accident, friendly fire scenario things. And the investigation, the pilot and the crew there blamed their trigger happiness on being revved up by methylphenidate. So for years, the military has relied on traditional stimulants to keep people able to fight around the clock.

And they wanted an agent that would keep you alert, awake, but not revved up, not agitated. And I'd say there's some good evidence that that's really sort of how modafinil works or performs. So modafinil is called provigil for provigilance. And then when they were losing their U.S. patent,

And they wanted an agent that would keep you alert, awake, but not revved up, not agitated. And I'd say there's some good evidence that that's really sort of how modafinil works or performs. So modafinil is called provigil for provigilance. And then when they were losing their U.S. patent,

And they wanted an agent that would keep you alert, awake, but not revved up, not agitated. And I'd say there's some good evidence that that's really sort of how modafinil works or performs. So modafinil is called provigil for provigilance. And then when they were losing their U.S. patent,

Like many drugs, the Provigil is a racemic mixture of left-handed and right-handed versions of the same modafinil molecule. They found that the R-modafinil, the right-handed version, was the one that's doing most of the good stuff and has a longer half-life than the combined version. So they got a new patent for R-modafinil, which is NuVigil. So that's the only difference between the two.

Like many drugs, the Provigil is a racemic mixture of left-handed and right-handed versions of the same modafinil molecule. They found that the R-modafinil, the right-handed version, was the one that's doing most of the good stuff and has a longer half-life than the combined version. So they got a new patent for R-modafinil, which is NuVigil. So that's the only difference between the two.

Like many drugs, the Provigil is a racemic mixture of left-handed and right-handed versions of the same modafinil molecule. They found that the R-modafinil, the right-handed version, was the one that's doing most of the good stuff and has a longer half-life than the combined version. So they got a new patent for R-modafinil, which is NuVigil. So that's the only difference between the two.