Dr. Karl Deisseroth

Why can't we do something more precise than this for these very severe cases? In all of these cases, though, in psychiatry, the frustrating thing is that we don't have the level of understanding that a cardiologist has in thinking about the heart. The heart is, we now know, it's a pump. It's pumping blood. And so you can look at everything about...

Why can't we do something more precise than this for these very severe cases? In all of these cases, though, in psychiatry, the frustrating thing is that we don't have the level of understanding that a cardiologist has in thinking about the heart. The heart is, we now know, it's a pump. It's pumping blood. And so you can look at everything about...

Why can't we do something more precise than this for these very severe cases? In all of these cases, though, in psychiatry, the frustrating thing is that we don't have the level of understanding that a cardiologist has in thinking about the heart. The heart is, we now know, it's a pump. It's pumping blood. And so you can look at everything about...

how it's working or not working in terms of that frame. It's clearly a pump. We don't really have that level of what is the circuit really there for in psychiatry.

how it's working or not working in terms of that frame. It's clearly a pump. We don't really have that level of what is the circuit really there for in psychiatry.

how it's working or not working in terms of that frame. It's clearly a pump. We don't really have that level of what is the circuit really there for in psychiatry.

I think the first thing we need is understanding. What is the element in the brain that's analogous to the pumping heart? When we think about the symptoms of depression, we think about motivation and dopamine neurons. And so then that turns our attention as neuroscientists. We think, okay, let's think about the parts of the brain that are involved in dealing with depression.

I think the first thing we need is understanding. What is the element in the brain that's analogous to the pumping heart? When we think about the symptoms of depression, we think about motivation and dopamine neurons. And so then that turns our attention as neuroscientists. We think, okay, let's think about the parts of the brain that are involved in dealing with depression.

I think the first thing we need is understanding. What is the element in the brain that's analogous to the pumping heart? When we think about the symptoms of depression, we think about motivation and dopamine neurons. And so then that turns our attention as neuroscientists. We think, okay, let's think about the parts of the brain that are involved in dealing with depression.

merging complex data streams that are very high in bit rate that need to be fused together into a unitary concept and that starts to guide us and maybe we can and we know other animals are social in their own way and we can study those animals and so that there's that's how i think about it there's hope for the future thinking about the symptoms as an engineer might

merging complex data streams that are very high in bit rate that need to be fused together into a unitary concept and that starts to guide us and maybe we can and we know other animals are social in their own way and we can study those animals and so that there's that's how i think about it there's hope for the future thinking about the symptoms as an engineer might

merging complex data streams that are very high in bit rate that need to be fused together into a unitary concept and that starts to guide us and maybe we can and we know other animals are social in their own way and we can study those animals and so that there's that's how i think about it there's hope for the future thinking about the symptoms as an engineer might

and trying to identify the circuits that are likely working to make this typical behavior happen and that will help us understand how it becomes atypical.

and trying to identify the circuits that are likely working to make this typical behavior happen and that will help us understand how it becomes atypical.

and trying to identify the circuits that are likely working to make this typical behavior happen and that will help us understand how it becomes atypical.

Yeah. So starting with the body is a good example because it highlights the opportunity and how far we have to go. So let's take this example of vagus nerve stimulation. So the vagus nerve, it's the 10th cranial nerve. It comes from the brain. It goes down. It innervates the heart, innervates the gut.

Yeah. So starting with the body is a good example because it highlights the opportunity and how far we have to go. So let's take this example of vagus nerve stimulation. So the vagus nerve, it's the 10th cranial nerve. It comes from the brain. It goes down. It innervates the heart, innervates the gut.

Yeah. So starting with the body is a good example because it highlights the opportunity and how far we have to go. So let's take this example of vagus nerve stimulation. So the vagus nerve, it's the 10th cranial nerve. It comes from the brain. It goes down. It innervates the heart, innervates the gut.

By innervate, I mean it sends little connections down to help guide what happens in these organs in the abdomen and chest. it also collects information back. And there's information coming back from all those organs that also go through this vagus nerve, the 10th cranial nerve, back to the brain. And so this is somewhat of a superhighway to the brain then, was the idea.

By innervate, I mean it sends little connections down to help guide what happens in these organs in the abdomen and chest. it also collects information back. And there's information coming back from all those organs that also go through this vagus nerve, the 10th cranial nerve, back to the brain. And so this is somewhat of a superhighway to the brain then, was the idea.