Dr. Karl Deisseroth

Well, you're right to highlight both the opportunity and the peril that is there. And of course, we want to help patients. And of course, we want to explore anything that might be helpful, but we want to do it in a safe and rigorous way. But I do think we should explore these avenues.

Well, you're right to highlight both the opportunity and the peril that is there. And of course, we want to help patients. And of course, we want to explore anything that might be helpful, but we want to do it in a safe and rigorous way. But I do think we should explore these avenues.

These are agents that alter reality and alter the experience of reality, I should say, in relatively precise ways. They do have problems. They can be addictive. They can cause lasting change that is not desirable.

These are agents that alter reality and alter the experience of reality, I should say, in relatively precise ways. They do have problems. They can be addictive. They can cause lasting change that is not desirable.

These are agents that alter reality and alter the experience of reality, I should say, in relatively precise ways. They do have problems. They can be addictive. They can cause lasting change that is not desirable.

Now, that said, even as these medications exist now, as you know, there's an impulse to use them in very small doses and to use them as adjunctive treatments for the therapy of various kinds. And I'm also supportive of that if done carefully and rigorously. Of course, there's risk, but there's risk with many other kinds of treatment. And I'm not sure that the risks for these medications exist.

Now, that said, even as these medications exist now, as you know, there's an impulse to use them in very small doses and to use them as adjunctive treatments for the therapy of various kinds. And I'm also supportive of that if done carefully and rigorously. Of course, there's risk, but there's risk with many other kinds of treatment. And I'm not sure that the risks for these medications exist.

Now, that said, even as these medications exist now, as you know, there's an impulse to use them in very small doses and to use them as adjunctive treatments for the therapy of various kinds. And I'm also supportive of that if done carefully and rigorously. Of course, there's risk, but there's risk with many other kinds of treatment. And I'm not sure that the risks for these medications exist.

vastly outweigh the risks that we normally tolerate in other branches of medicine. Why would they work?

vastly outweigh the risks that we normally tolerate in other branches of medicine. Why would they work?

vastly outweigh the risks that we normally tolerate in other branches of medicine. Why would they work?

We have some ideas and no deep understanding. One way I think about the psychedelics is they increase the willingness of our brain to accept unlikely outcomes. ways of constructing the world, unlikely hypotheses, as it were, as to what's going on. The brain, in particular our cortex, I think, is a hypothesis generation and testing machine. It's coming up with models about everything.

We have some ideas and no deep understanding. One way I think about the psychedelics is they increase the willingness of our brain to accept unlikely outcomes. ways of constructing the world, unlikely hypotheses, as it were, as to what's going on. The brain, in particular our cortex, I think, is a hypothesis generation and testing machine. It's coming up with models about everything.

We have some ideas and no deep understanding. One way I think about the psychedelics is they increase the willingness of our brain to accept unlikely outcomes. ways of constructing the world, unlikely hypotheses, as it were, as to what's going on. The brain, in particular our cortex, I think, is a hypothesis generation and testing machine. It's coming up with models about everything.

It's got a lot of bits of data coming in, and it's making models and updating the models and changing them, theories, hypotheses for what's going on. And some of those never reach our conscious mind. And this is something I talk about in projections in the book quite a bit, is Many of these are filtered out before they get to our conscious mind, and that's good.

It's got a lot of bits of data coming in, and it's making models and updating the models and changing them, theories, hypotheses for what's going on. And some of those never reach our conscious mind. And this is something I talk about in projections in the book quite a bit, is Many of these are filtered out before they get to our conscious mind, and that's good.

It's got a lot of bits of data coming in, and it's making models and updating the models and changing them, theories, hypotheses for what's going on. And some of those never reach our conscious mind. And this is something I talk about in projections in the book quite a bit, is Many of these are filtered out before they get to our conscious mind, and that's good.

We think how distracted we'd be if we were constantly having to evaluate all these hypotheses about what kinds of shapes or objects or processes were out there. And so a lot of this is handled before it gets to consciousness. What the psychedelics seem to do is they...

We think how distracted we'd be if we were constantly having to evaluate all these hypotheses about what kinds of shapes or objects or processes were out there. And so a lot of this is handled before it gets to consciousness. What the psychedelics seem to do is they...

We think how distracted we'd be if we were constantly having to evaluate all these hypotheses about what kinds of shapes or objects or processes were out there. And so a lot of this is handled before it gets to consciousness. What the psychedelics seem to do is they...