Dr. Layne Norton

It's a 100,000-person study out of France from like probably three, four, five years ago.

And I think it was – I want to say it was a 20-year cohort.

And they – one of the big headlines was aspartame increased the risk of cancer.

So I went into the data and looked at it.

So what the headline left out was from –

non-consumers of it to low moderate consumers, it increased cancer by, I think, a relative risk of like 15%, which was significant.

And then the high consumers were not significantly increased risk of cancer.

The high consumers were like a relative risk increase of like a non-statistical, like four or 5%.

I'm not aware of anything that's actually carcinogenic that is carcinogenic at a low level and then not at a high level.

Right.

And so I think, again, for me to be convinced by some of this stuff, it would need to be – it's just not consistent.

And it's kind of like – I mean I use this example too.

Carnivores, now you're going to be happy.

I'm going to make you more happy.

I'm not convinced that red meat is an independent risk factor for cancer because –

These studies are confounded by the fact that red meat typically is kind of a proxy for poor diet quality because most people's sources of red meat in the American diet are fatty.

They're processed.

The studies looking at unprocessed red meat and cancer risk are all over the place.

And when they control for diet quality and there was a really – in my opinion, an elegant study, a cohort out of Canada –

And I think it was by a researcher named Maximova, I want to say.