Dr. Michael Ormsbee

And so everyone says you're going to have trouble. But I'm thinking of a protein shake, right? And that's how we started.

And so everyone says you're going to have trouble. But I'm thinking of a protein shake, right? And that's how we started.

It really is. And it's like common sense is like, well, I don't need 600 calories. I just want a protein shake. What is that going to do? Or scrambled eggs or whatever it was that I was eating just naturally at that time. So we designed a couple of studies at that time. Very simple. Great, simple design, simple answer.

It really is. And it's like common sense is like, well, I don't need 600 calories. I just want a protein shake. What is that going to do? Or scrambled eggs or whatever it was that I was eating just naturally at that time. So we designed a couple of studies at that time. Very simple. Great, simple design, simple answer.

I give you a few options to drink before bed, like a whey shake, a casein shake, 30 grams a piece or carbohydrate or a placebo. And they all taste the same, they're blinded. And so you go home, you take this, you come back to me in the morning and I measure your resting metabolic rate. That's it. I see how your metabolism may or may not change some eight hours later.

I give you a few options to drink before bed, like a whey shake, a casein shake, 30 grams a piece or carbohydrate or a placebo. And they all taste the same, they're blinded. And so you go home, you take this, you come back to me in the morning and I measure your resting metabolic rate. That's it. I see how your metabolism may or may not change some eight hours later.

And so you come back in the morning, and if you had nothing, so like the placebo, which was no calories, you had a response where your RQ was kind of low, so you're burning more fat at that period of time, as you would.

And so you come back in the morning, and if you had nothing, so like the placebo, which was no calories, you had a response where your RQ was kind of low, so you're burning more fat at that period of time, as you would.

And that was no difference from the casein drink. So in both cases, in the first studies, if you had either nothing or you had casein, you still had quite a nice ability to burn a big percentage of fat the next morning. And then when we gave the whey, that was pretty close, but not quite there in terms of how low the RQ was, how good the fat burning was.

And that was no difference from the casein drink. So in both cases, in the first studies, if you had either nothing or you had casein, you still had quite a nice ability to burn a big percentage of fat the next morning. And then when we gave the whey, that was pretty close, but not quite there in terms of how low the RQ was, how good the fat burning was.

And then carbohydrate was a little bit worse than that. But nothing was bad. And everything seemed to show an improvement over having no calories at all in terms of the total metabolic rate the next morning. But so many holes in that, right?

And then carbohydrate was a little bit worse than that. But nothing was bad. And everything seemed to show an improvement over having no calories at all in terms of the total metabolic rate the next morning. But so many holes in that, right?

So we got hammered from reviewers. I remember, oh, I'm so proud of this. And then it came back. It's like, well, you didn't do this, this, this, this.

So we got hammered from reviewers. I remember, oh, I'm so proud of this. And then it came back. It's like, well, you didn't do this, this, this, this.

And that was in sort of young men. Then we looked at this in different populations. So we started to go to different populations. We started to look at overweight women and then some women with obesity. And we repeated the study and had very similar outcomes. So casein and whey being quite favorable for metabolic rate in the morning.

And that was in sort of young men. Then we looked at this in different populations. So we started to go to different populations. We started to look at overweight women and then some women with obesity. And we repeated the study and had very similar outcomes. So casein and whey being quite favorable for metabolic rate in the morning.

What the problem we had was we hadn't introduced exercise yet, so we didn't know what that was doing. And we have no idea what's happening from leaving my lab with a shake in your hand coming back to me the next morning.

What the problem we had was we hadn't introduced exercise yet, so we didn't know what that was doing. And we have no idea what's happening from leaving my lab with a shake in your hand coming back to me the next morning.

So a series of more studies we designed, I know, 15 more after that along the way where we ended up putting mattresses in the lab and having people sleep there so that we could just monitor everything. We ended up thinking about exercise in a way that was useful. So one of those studies with women with obesity in the beginning, they had actually a rise in glucose and insulin from having the

So a series of more studies we designed, I know, 15 more after that along the way where we ended up putting mattresses in the lab and having people sleep there so that we could just monitor everything. We ended up thinking about exercise in a way that was useful. So one of those studies with women with obesity in the beginning, they had actually a rise in glucose and insulin from having the