Dr. Mink Chawla

I think in some patients that certainly could be the case, but what's really cool is the mRNA vaccine spike protein is you can differentiate it from wild type with a very sophisticated assay. It's not easily available. And I don't want to jump too much into the weeds on it.

I think in some patients that certainly could be the case, but what's really cool is the mRNA vaccine spike protein is you can differentiate it from wild type with a very sophisticated assay. It's not easily available. And I don't want to jump too much into the weeds on it.

I think in some patients that certainly could be the case, but what's really cool is the mRNA vaccine spike protein is you can differentiate it from wild type with a very sophisticated assay. It's not easily available. And I don't want to jump too much into the weeds on it.

And what we can talk about, and I hope we will, is the mRNA that you get from a vaccine is synthetic and it's slightly different. The sequence is different by two amino acids. And that you can actually detect.

And what we can talk about, and I hope we will, is the mRNA that you get from a vaccine is synthetic and it's slightly different. The sequence is different by two amino acids. And that you can actually detect.

And what we can talk about, and I hope we will, is the mRNA that you get from a vaccine is synthetic and it's slightly different. The sequence is different by two amino acids. And that you can actually detect.

So I could actually measure spike protein in someone. and then I could do a really expensive, sophisticated sub-analysis and tell you if that came... Not only can I differentiate... Natural infection or... I can differentiate Pfizer from Moderna's. Wow. Which is wild, right? That is so wild. The signature is so clean, you can differentiate wild from Pfizer from Moderna.

So I could actually measure spike protein in someone. and then I could do a really expensive, sophisticated sub-analysis and tell you if that came... Not only can I differentiate... Natural infection or... I can differentiate Pfizer from Moderna's. Wow. Which is wild, right? That is so wild. The signature is so clean, you can differentiate wild from Pfizer from Moderna.

So I could actually measure spike protein in someone. and then I could do a really expensive, sophisticated sub-analysis and tell you if that came... Not only can I differentiate... Natural infection or... I can differentiate Pfizer from Moderna's. Wow. Which is wild, right? That is so wild. The signature is so clean, you can differentiate wild from Pfizer from Moderna.

Right, so I'm gonna explain this in a way I think hopefully is accessible to everyone. So the way to think about this is almost every vaccine prior to this new version, prior to the mRNA vaccines, were made by taking a bunch of, let's just use viruses to keep it clean, And the first thing you have to do is you have to make a lot of virus to make the vaccine.

Right, so I'm gonna explain this in a way I think hopefully is accessible to everyone. So the way to think about this is almost every vaccine prior to this new version, prior to the mRNA vaccines, were made by taking a bunch of, let's just use viruses to keep it clean, And the first thing you have to do is you have to make a lot of virus to make the vaccine.

Right, so I'm gonna explain this in a way I think hopefully is accessible to everyone. So the way to think about this is almost every vaccine prior to this new version, prior to the mRNA vaccines, were made by taking a bunch of, let's just use viruses to keep it clean, And the first thing you have to do is you have to make a lot of virus to make the vaccine.

And the way your body works at this is our immune system is so adept, it recognizes specific molecular patterns like you and I recognize faces. So you can differentiate two identical twins. Parents can do it. They can look at their face. They can see it. Our immune system is so good. Different parts of different viruses, which are called antigens.

And the way your body works at this is our immune system is so adept, it recognizes specific molecular patterns like you and I recognize faces. So you can differentiate two identical twins. Parents can do it. They can look at their face. They can see it. Our immune system is so good. Different parts of different viruses, which are called antigens.

And the way your body works at this is our immune system is so adept, it recognizes specific molecular patterns like you and I recognize faces. So you can differentiate two identical twins. Parents can do it. They can look at their face. They can see it. Our immune system is so good. Different parts of different viruses, which are called antigens.

So the antigen, which is the foreign product that your immune system responds to, the face on it that it actually sees is called an epitope. So that's the epitope. The body recognizes the epitope and says, okay, I see that face. That guy's a bad guy. I'm going to go get him. That is the basis of all vaccines. So what happens is we say, okay, for let's say, you know, polio. Okay.

So the antigen, which is the foreign product that your immune system responds to, the face on it that it actually sees is called an epitope. So that's the epitope. The body recognizes the epitope and says, okay, I see that face. That guy's a bad guy. I'm going to go get him. That is the basis of all vaccines. So what happens is we say, okay, for let's say, you know, polio. Okay.

So the antigen, which is the foreign product that your immune system responds to, the face on it that it actually sees is called an epitope. So that's the epitope. The body recognizes the epitope and says, okay, I see that face. That guy's a bad guy. I'm going to go get him. That is the basis of all vaccines. So what happens is we say, okay, for let's say, you know, polio. Okay.

Or hepatitis B is probably the best example. There's one face. And if I can get the body to make antibodies to that epitope, I can actually make this person immune to this. So what you have to do now is you have to make metric tons of these little faces. That is really expensive. And that takes a lot of time. Now, I'll tell you a funny story. When I entered from academics to industry,

Or hepatitis B is probably the best example. There's one face. And if I can get the body to make antibodies to that epitope, I can actually make this person immune to this. So what you have to do now is you have to make metric tons of these little faces. That is really expensive. And that takes a lot of time. Now, I'll tell you a funny story. When I entered from academics to industry,