Dr. Mink Chawla

But 98% of physicians, we add things. We give medication. We give things to you. There's only two specialties that remove. Surgeons and nephrologists. Wow. Right. Because we take things out. Now, surgeons do it with a knife. Right. And it makes sense. Like hack out a tumor. Good. We want that. That's fantastic. Take out a certain part of the brain that's infection tissue. Totally.

But 98% of physicians, we add things. We give medication. We give things to you. There's only two specialties that remove. Surgeons and nephrologists. Wow. Right. Because we take things out. Now, surgeons do it with a knife. Right. And it makes sense. Like hack out a tumor. Good. We want that. That's fantastic. Take out a certain part of the brain that's infection tissue. Totally.

But 98% of physicians, we add things. We give medication. We give things to you. There's only two specialties that remove. Surgeons and nephrologists. Wow. Right. Because we take things out. Now, surgeons do it with a knife. Right. And it makes sense. Like hack out a tumor. Good. We want that. That's fantastic. Take out a certain part of the brain that's infection tissue. Totally.

So nephrologists, since the advent of dialysis, which was in 1944, 45, we spent a lot of time thinking about how do I take things out of the body and leave the good stuff? And we have had a very long period of time of working with different materials that upset the blood less. Blood is not meant to interact with plastic. It does not like it. And in the early days of dialysis, we would wait...

So nephrologists, since the advent of dialysis, which was in 1944, 45, we spent a lot of time thinking about how do I take things out of the body and leave the good stuff? And we have had a very long period of time of working with different materials that upset the blood less. Blood is not meant to interact with plastic. It does not like it. And in the early days of dialysis, we would wait...

So nephrologists, since the advent of dialysis, which was in 1944, 45, we spent a lot of time thinking about how do I take things out of the body and leave the good stuff? And we have had a very long period of time of working with different materials that upset the blood less. Blood is not meant to interact with plastic. It does not like it. And in the early days of dialysis, we would wait...

to put people on dialysis because the membranes were bio-incompatible. So the blood would see this surface and it would hate it. It would get inflamed, complement, coagulation. Very bad things would begin to happen. White cells would get activated. They would become inflammatory. So you... had a very rough risk benefit equation.

to put people on dialysis because the membranes were bio-incompatible. So the blood would see this surface and it would hate it. It would get inflamed, complement, coagulation. Very bad things would begin to happen. White cells would get activated. They would become inflammatory. So you... had a very rough risk benefit equation.

to put people on dialysis because the membranes were bio-incompatible. So the blood would see this surface and it would hate it. It would get inflamed, complement, coagulation. Very bad things would begin to happen. White cells would get activated. They would become inflammatory. So you... had a very rough risk benefit equation.

So you're benefiting them by taking out their kidney toxins, but you're eating a lot of harm for that patient. And so it wasn't a great place to be. Around the 1980s, 1990s, in the dialysis world, we moved to new materials that were biocompatible and things began to get a lot better.

So you're benefiting them by taking out their kidney toxins, but you're eating a lot of harm for that patient. And so it wasn't a great place to be. Around the 1980s, 1990s, in the dialysis world, we moved to new materials that were biocompatible and things began to get a lot better.

So you're benefiting them by taking out their kidney toxins, but you're eating a lot of harm for that patient. And so it wasn't a great place to be. Around the 1980s, 1990s, in the dialysis world, we moved to new materials that were biocompatible and things began to get a lot better.

But all dialysis systems, apheresis systems, they, as you point out quite correctly, use size exclusion to do their job. So an air filter is a good example of size exclusion. A coffee filter, coffee grounds from coffee. Penne from pasta with a colander. These are all size exclusion devices. Right. This device, the Serif 100 that was developed in the DARPA program, used a very different idea.

But all dialysis systems, apheresis systems, they, as you point out quite correctly, use size exclusion to do their job. So an air filter is a good example of size exclusion. A coffee filter, coffee grounds from coffee. Penne from pasta with a colander. These are all size exclusion devices. Right. This device, the Serif 100 that was developed in the DARPA program, used a very different idea.

But all dialysis systems, apheresis systems, they, as you point out quite correctly, use size exclusion to do their job. So an air filter is a good example of size exclusion. A coffee filter, coffee grounds from coffee. Penne from pasta with a colander. These are all size exclusion devices. Right. This device, the Serif 100 that was developed in the DARPA program, used a very different idea.

And they used a concept called surface affinity. So instead of taking blood and saying, okay, big things go through, small things will take out. They use a different concept. So I want you to imagine all of us, you know, adult humans have about five liters of blood in our bodies. That's a gallon jug plus about 25% more, right? Okay. So you take out someone's blood. We would not do this.

And they used a concept called surface affinity. So instead of taking blood and saying, okay, big things go through, small things will take out. They use a different concept. So I want you to imagine all of us, you know, adult humans have about five liters of blood in our bodies. That's a gallon jug plus about 25% more, right? Okay. So you take out someone's blood. We would not do this.

And they used a concept called surface affinity. So instead of taking blood and saying, okay, big things go through, small things will take out. They use a different concept. So I want you to imagine all of us, you know, adult humans have about five liters of blood in our bodies. That's a gallon jug plus about 25% more, right? Okay. So you take out someone's blood. We would not do this.

This is very uncool. But you take all the blood out of someone's body and you pour it on a kitchen table that's at about a 5% incline.

This is very uncool. But you take all the blood out of someone's body and you pour it on a kitchen table that's at about a 5% incline.