Dr. Nolan Williams

It's not just like neuromodulation.

Neuromodulation's a really nice use case for psychiatry 3.0, because it's a way to focally and directly perturb brain regions in whatever modality you're using.

But there are a lot of groups that are actually doing neuroimaging before and after, and they're able to see circuit-level changes for something like psilocybin or ketamine long after the drug is gone.

suggesting in those same brain regions converge.

So the subgenual default mode network connection that we see is changing with our Stanford neuromodulation therapy technique.

It's that same set of brain regions that ketamine and psilocybin seem to act on, these connections between brain networks that seem to shift.

And so it refocuses the story on something that's highly correctable,

And it's basically electrophysiology, and it's basically kind of recalibrating a circuit that is recalibratable instead of I have something missing or I have some set of experiences early in life that are going to forever trap me in these psychiatric diagnoses.

And so it kind of challenges that idea.

And I think that's what's so interesting.

powerful about psychiatry 3.0, this idea of focusing on the circuit because it gets us into thinking about psychiatry and psychiatric illnesses as something that are recoverable.

People can get better.

We've seen with our TMS techniques, we've seen it with some of the psychedelic work that we've done where people

are actually in normal levels of mood for sustained periods of time or within five days within five or less days and in the case of the psychedelics within a few days right so we can get people out of these states they're totally well there's no drug in their system at that point in the case of psychedelics it was never a drug in their system in the case of of tms

And it just tells us that it's fixable.

It's just like an arrhythmia in the heart.

It's like a broken leg.

We can go in and do something, and we can get somebody better.

And I think what's empowering and what a lot of patients have told me is they say, some people will relapse and need more stimulation or need more

psychedelics, whatever it is, but they'll tell me, I don't fear that I'm chronically broken.