Dr. Paul Offit

So you haven't seen the virus before, so therefore its capacity to replicate, it replicates initially unrestricted, until you click in and make antibodies that keep the virus from bounding to cells, and you make something called cytotoxic T cells, which once the virus enters the cell, the cell is quickly killed so that it can't reproduce itself.

So you haven't seen the virus before, so therefore its capacity to replicate, it replicates initially unrestricted, until you click in and make antibodies that keep the virus from bounding to cells, and you make something called cytotoxic T cells, which once the virus enters the cell, the cell is quickly killed so that it can't reproduce itself.

So you haven't seen the virus before, so therefore its capacity to replicate, it replicates initially unrestricted, until you click in and make antibodies that keep the virus from bounding to cells, and you make something called cytotoxic T cells, which once the virus enters the cell, the cell is quickly killed so that it can't reproduce itself.

Now you've been exposed once, whether from natural infection or immunization. Now the second time you see it, your immune response comes much quicker. So to lessen the degree to which the virus reproduces itself. See, this is going to be a hard concept, but stop me if I'm not doing this well, but

Now you've been exposed once, whether from natural infection or immunization. Now the second time you see it, your immune response comes much quicker. So to lessen the degree to which the virus reproduces itself. See, this is going to be a hard concept, but stop me if I'm not doing this well, but

Now you've been exposed once, whether from natural infection or immunization. Now the second time you see it, your immune response comes much quicker. So to lessen the degree to which the virus reproduces itself. See, this is going to be a hard concept, but stop me if I'm not doing this well, but

For long incubation period diseases, like measles, for example, you develop antibodies when you're vaccinated, and you also develop memory cells. The good news about measles is a long incubation period disease. So therefore, it takes 7, 10, 14 days for you to get sick.

For long incubation period diseases, like measles, for example, you develop antibodies when you're vaccinated, and you also develop memory cells. The good news about measles is a long incubation period disease. So therefore, it takes 7, 10, 14 days for you to get sick.

For long incubation period diseases, like measles, for example, you develop antibodies when you're vaccinated, and you also develop memory cells. The good news about measles is a long incubation period disease. So therefore, it takes 7, 10, 14 days for you to get sick.

That's plenty of time for activation of those memory cells to become B cells that make antibodies or T cells that kill virus-infected cells. So you can prevent even mild disease. So if you can prevent mild disease, then you can prevent transmission, and you can eliminate the disease from the face of this earth. So smallpox is a long incubation for disease.

That's plenty of time for activation of those memory cells to become B cells that make antibodies or T cells that kill virus-infected cells. So you can prevent even mild disease. So if you can prevent mild disease, then you can prevent transmission, and you can eliminate the disease from the face of this earth. So smallpox is a long incubation for disease.

That's plenty of time for activation of those memory cells to become B cells that make antibodies or T cells that kill virus-infected cells. So you can prevent even mild disease. So if you can prevent mild disease, then you can prevent transmission, and you can eliminate the disease from the face of this earth. So smallpox is a long incubation for disease.

Because it gives you a longer window for your immune system to kick in and act. That's right, to even prevent mild disease. So you can eliminate measles. We eliminated smallpox, a long incubation for disease. You can eliminate rubella, which we did in this country by 2005. You can eliminate polio, which we did in this country by 1979. Those are all long incubation period diseases.

Because it gives you a longer window for your immune system to kick in and act. That's right, to even prevent mild disease. So you can eliminate measles. We eliminated smallpox, a long incubation for disease. You can eliminate rubella, which we did in this country by 2005. You can eliminate polio, which we did in this country by 1979. Those are all long incubation period diseases.

Because it gives you a longer window for your immune system to kick in and act. That's right, to even prevent mild disease. So you can eliminate measles. We eliminated smallpox, a long incubation for disease. You can eliminate rubella, which we did in this country by 2005. You can eliminate polio, which we did in this country by 1979. Those are all long incubation period diseases.

But for short incubation period diseases, you initially make an immune response, which gives you antibodies, which will protect you for four months or so against mild disease. Then the antibodies are gone in your circulation. So now you have memory. But that's not enough time for those, because it's a short incubation period from the time you're exposed to when you develop symptoms.

But for short incubation period diseases, you initially make an immune response, which gives you antibodies, which will protect you for four months or so against mild disease. Then the antibodies are gone in your circulation. So now you have memory. But that's not enough time for those, because it's a short incubation period from the time you're exposed to when you develop symptoms.

But for short incubation period diseases, you initially make an immune response, which gives you antibodies, which will protect you for four months or so against mild disease. Then the antibodies are gone in your circulation. So now you have memory. But that's not enough time for those, because it's a short incubation period from the time you're exposed to when you develop symptoms.

That's not enough time for those memory cells to become activated and make antibodies, for example, to prevent mild disease. So you're always going to get mild disease again and again. I mean, we'll be living with COVID for the rest of your life and my life and my children's life. and my two new grandchildren's lives. I mean, so this is going to be around for a while.

That's not enough time for those memory cells to become activated and make antibodies, for example, to prevent mild disease. So you're always going to get mild disease again and again. I mean, we'll be living with COVID for the rest of your life and my life and my children's life. and my two new grandchildren's lives. I mean, so this is going to be around for a while.