Dr. Steven Gundry

And essentially, you take one molecule of glucose and you get two molecules of ATP. Okay. In a mitochondria, you take that one molecule of glucose and get somewhere between 32 and 34 molecules of ATP. Now, you talk about a return on your investment. So apparently this was a really good deal. And all advanced organisms, whether they're plants or animals, have mitochondria.

Plants, we call them chloroplasts, but it's essentially the same thing. And so mitochondria actually have their own DNA. And it's bacterial DNA. And the cool thing about mitochondria is mitochondria can divide and reproduce more mitochondria without the cell dividing because they have their own DNA.

Plants, we call them chloroplasts, but it's essentially the same thing. And so mitochondria actually have their own DNA. And it's bacterial DNA. And the cool thing about mitochondria is mitochondria can divide and reproduce more mitochondria without the cell dividing because they have their own DNA.

What's even cooler, and it's really wonderful nerdy stuff, only mitochondrial DNA is only in females. Females pass DNA. mitochondrial dna male sperm have no mitochondrial dna it's only in the a so it's actually female mitochondria that we have now what's so really cool is these were ancient bacteria we get our bacterial load initially from our mother when we are passed through the birth canal.

What's even cooler, and it's really wonderful nerdy stuff, only mitochondrial DNA is only in females. Females pass DNA. mitochondrial dna male sperm have no mitochondrial dna it's only in the a so it's actually female mitochondria that we have now what's so really cool is these were ancient bacteria we get our bacterial load initially from our mother when we are passed through the birth canal.

Our mother takes crap on us and that drove Maria Shriver crazy when I mentioned that. So we're inoculated with female-derived bacteria and we have female mitochondria. And I make the argument that these are sisters. And I have two daughters, sisters, like to talk to each other. And so we now know that there is a really, really cool communication system between our microbiome and our mitochondria.

Our mother takes crap on us and that drove Maria Shriver crazy when I mentioned that. So we're inoculated with female-derived bacteria and we have female mitochondria. And I make the argument that these are sisters. And I have two daughters, sisters, like to talk to each other. And so we now know that there is a really, really cool communication system between our microbiome and our mitochondria.

And they're always exchanging information. And it's that information exchange that's so exciting. Getting to MitoPure, what's interesting, so we've known for a number of years that there's some pretty cool polyphenols in pomegranates, in walnuts, in raspberries. Elagic acid is one of them. And we've known for years they're really good for you.

And they're always exchanging information. And it's that information exchange that's so exciting. Getting to MitoPure, what's interesting, so we've known for a number of years that there's some pretty cool polyphenols in pomegranates, in walnuts, in raspberries. Elagic acid is one of them. And we've known for years they're really good for you.

Well, it turns out that if you have the right set of bacteria, you can take these compounds and make the end product, which is called urolithin A. Now, most of us mere mortals don't have the right set of bacteria.

Well, it turns out that if you have the right set of bacteria, you can take these compounds and make the end product, which is called urolithin A. Now, most of us mere mortals don't have the right set of bacteria.

Only about 20% of us can eat a bunch of pomegranates and make urolithin A. But what's intriguing is super old, super agers, you know, 95 and above who are thriving, about 70% of those folks have the right bacteria to make urolithin A. So why is that so cool? Well, urolithin A basically tells mitochondria to recycle themselves. It's called mitophagy, self-eat.

Only about 20% of us can eat a bunch of pomegranates and make urolithin A. But what's intriguing is super old, super agers, you know, 95 and above who are thriving, about 70% of those folks have the right bacteria to make urolithin A. So why is that so cool? Well, urolithin A basically tells mitochondria to recycle themselves. It's called mitophagy, self-eat.

And mitochondria wear out, and one of two things happen. If they wear out and kind of die, that's a bad thing. And It spews dead pieces of mitochondria around and our body views them as dead bacteria and doesn't like that. It causes inflammation. Seriously. Wow.

And mitochondria wear out, and one of two things happen. If they wear out and kind of die, that's a bad thing. And It spews dead pieces of mitochondria around and our body views them as dead bacteria and doesn't like that. It causes inflammation. Seriously. Wow.

But if you recycle your mitochondria, then they become new fresh mitochondria and you don't expose our immune system to these bacterial pieces. And so... The cool thing about urolithin A is you don't have to have all the right bacteria to make it.

But if you recycle your mitochondria, then they become new fresh mitochondria and you don't expose our immune system to these bacterial pieces. And so... The cool thing about urolithin A is you don't have to have all the right bacteria to make it.

We sure hope so. Yeah, that's what... we think happens, that much of brain health, for instance, is mitochondria get damaged and become dysfunctional. And the book actually goes into why that happens even in more detail. So yeah, keeping our mitochondria fresh and happy and making lots of them

We sure hope so. Yeah, that's what... we think happens, that much of brain health, for instance, is mitochondria get damaged and become dysfunctional. And the book actually goes into why that happens even in more detail. So yeah, keeping our mitochondria fresh and happy and making lots of them

Unlike that picture that we all got in high school biology of that one little mitochondria that looked kind of like a radiator, there can be a thousand mitochondria in a heart muscle cell. There can be a thousand mitochondria in one single neuron. A thousand of them. And the other thing that's really exciting now, and I allude to this in the gut-brain paradox, is we now know that