Dr. Terry Sejnowski

And it took an enormous amount of improvements. The most difficult thing that had to be solved was control. How do you control it? How do you make it go in the direction you want it to go? And shades of what's happening now in AI is that we are off the ground. We're not going very far yet, but who knows where it will take us into the future.

So as you point out, Parkinson's is first a degenerative disease. It's very interesting because The dopamine cells are a particular part of the brain, the brain stem. And they are the ones that are responsible for procedural learning. I told you before about temporal difference. It's dopamine cells. And it's a very powerful way for the, it's a global signal.

So as you point out, Parkinson's is first a degenerative disease. It's very interesting because The dopamine cells are a particular part of the brain, the brain stem. And they are the ones that are responsible for procedural learning. I told you before about temporal difference. It's dopamine cells. And it's a very powerful way for the, it's a global signal.

So as you point out, Parkinson's is first a degenerative disease. It's very interesting because The dopamine cells are a particular part of the brain, the brain stem. And they are the ones that are responsible for procedural learning. I told you before about temporal difference. It's dopamine cells. And it's a very powerful way for the, it's a global signal.

It's called a neuromodulator because it modulates all of the other signals taking place throughout the cortex. And also, it's very important for learning sequences of actions that produce survival for survival. But the problem is that with certain environmental insults, especially toxins like pesticides, those neurons are very vulnerable.

It's called a neuromodulator because it modulates all of the other signals taking place throughout the cortex. And also, it's very important for learning sequences of actions that produce survival for survival. But the problem is that with certain environmental insults, especially toxins like pesticides, those neurons are very vulnerable.

It's called a neuromodulator because it modulates all of the other signals taking place throughout the cortex. And also, it's very important for learning sequences of actions that produce survival for survival. But the problem is that with certain environmental insults, especially toxins like pesticides, those neurons are very vulnerable.

And when they die, you get all of the symptoms that you just described. The people who have lost those cells actually before the treatment, you know, L-DOPA, which is a dopamine precursor, they actually became comatose, right? They didn't move. They were still alive, but they just didn't move at all. It's tragic. Locked in, it's called. Yeah, it's tragic, tragic.

And when they die, you get all of the symptoms that you just described. The people who have lost those cells actually before the treatment, you know, L-DOPA, which is a dopamine precursor, they actually became comatose, right? They didn't move. They were still alive, but they just didn't move at all. It's tragic. Locked in, it's called. Yeah, it's tragic, tragic.

And when they die, you get all of the symptoms that you just described. The people who have lost those cells actually before the treatment, you know, L-DOPA, which is a dopamine precursor, they actually became comatose, right? They didn't move. They were still alive, but they just didn't move at all. It's tragic. Locked in, it's called. Yeah, it's tragic, tragic.

So when the first trials of L-DOPA were given to them, it was magical because suddenly they started talking again.

So when the first trials of L-DOPA were given to them, it was magical because suddenly they started talking again.

So when the first trials of L-DOPA were given to them, it was magical because suddenly they started talking again.

Okay, that's a wonderful observation or a question. I'll bet you know the answer. Okay, here's something that is really amazing. It was discovered, interestingly, when they tend to move slowly, as you said, but to them, cognitively, they think they're moving fast. Now, it's not because they can't move fast, because you can say, well, can you move faster? Sure. And they move normal, right?

Okay, that's a wonderful observation or a question. I'll bet you know the answer. Okay, here's something that is really amazing. It was discovered, interestingly, when they tend to move slowly, as you said, but to them, cognitively, they think they're moving fast. Now, it's not because they can't move fast, because you can say, well, can you move faster? Sure. And they move normal, right?

Okay, that's a wonderful observation or a question. I'll bet you know the answer. Okay, here's something that is really amazing. It was discovered, interestingly, when they tend to move slowly, as you said, but to them, cognitively, they think they're moving fast. Now, it's not because they can't move fast, because you can say, well, can you move faster? Sure. And they move normal, right?

But to them, they think they're moving at super velocities.

But to them, they think they're moving at super velocities.

But to them, they think they're moving at super velocities.

So it's a set point issue. Yes, it's all about set points. That's what's really going on. And as the set point gets further and further down, without moving at all, they think they're moving, right? I mean, this is what's going on. By the way, you can ask them, what was it like? We were talking to you and you didn't respond. Oh, I didn't feel like it.