Dr. Tracy Vaillancourt

Yeah, we're going to have to do something. I mean, again, this derails individuals' potential, not all. I mean, I don't want your listeners to have been bullied and worried about what this is going to mean for their memory and their health and all of those things in the future. I mean, it's not fait accompli. There's a lot of heterogeneity, as I keep saying, and I think hope is really important.

One of the things I think is the saddest part, so beyond the fact that we have some few remaining kids who are very vulnerable, is that we could do a pretty good job at getting people to not actively bully others, but we can't get kids to include kids. And we started off talking about the need to belong, right?

One of the things I think is the saddest part, so beyond the fact that we have some few remaining kids who are very vulnerable, is that we could do a pretty good job at getting people to not actively bully others, but we can't get kids to include kids. And we started off talking about the need to belong, right?

One of the things I think is the saddest part, so beyond the fact that we have some few remaining kids who are very vulnerable, is that we could do a pretty good job at getting people to not actively bully others, but we can't get kids to include kids. And we started off talking about the need to belong, right?

And how, um, we didn't talk, we didn't use these words per se, but it's a fundamental human motivator. So at the end of the day, I can maybe get kids to not call you stupid or shove you in the locker or whatever it is. Right. Um, but I can't get them to include you. I can't get them to invite them, invite you to their birthday. I can't get them to sit beside you at lunch.

And how, um, we didn't talk, we didn't use these words per se, but it's a fundamental human motivator. So at the end of the day, I can maybe get kids to not call you stupid or shove you in the locker or whatever it is. Right. Um, but I can't get them to include you. I can't get them to invite them, invite you to their birthday. I can't get them to sit beside you at lunch.

And how, um, we didn't talk, we didn't use these words per se, but it's a fundamental human motivator. So at the end of the day, I can maybe get kids to not call you stupid or shove you in the locker or whatever it is. Right. Um, but I can't get them to include you. I can't get them to invite them, invite you to their birthday. I can't get them to sit beside you at lunch.

And so we still have isolated victims who are not actively victimized. And that breaks my heart.

And so we still have isolated victims who are not actively victimized. And that breaks my heart.

And so we still have isolated victims who are not actively victimized. And that breaks my heart.

So I think we might have been the first study to show this, but we did a study that was published in 2011 in Brain and Cognition, followed kids prospectively for three years. We looked at how memory was affected as a consequence of being bullied vis-a-vis cortisol, because too much cortisol is terrible for your brain. For your memory.

So I think we might have been the first study to show this, but we did a study that was published in 2011 in Brain and Cognition, followed kids prospectively for three years. We looked at how memory was affected as a consequence of being bullied vis-a-vis cortisol, because too much cortisol is terrible for your brain. For your memory.

So I think we might have been the first study to show this, but we did a study that was published in 2011 in Brain and Cognition, followed kids prospectively for three years. We looked at how memory was affected as a consequence of being bullied vis-a-vis cortisol, because too much cortisol is terrible for your brain. For your memory.

And so we looked specifically at areas of the brain that are high in glucocorticoid receptor sites. So the hippocampus of the prefrontal cortex. And we found that kids who were bullied increased their cortisol that in turn affected their memory in the areas that we would expect it to be.

And so we looked specifically at areas of the brain that are high in glucocorticoid receptor sites. So the hippocampus of the prefrontal cortex. And we found that kids who were bullied increased their cortisol that in turn affected their memory in the areas that we would expect it to be.

And so we looked specifically at areas of the brain that are high in glucocorticoid receptor sites. So the hippocampus of the prefrontal cortex. And we found that kids who were bullied increased their cortisol that in turn affected their memory in the areas that we would expect it to be.

Their verbal memory is not as good. Episodic memory can be still intact. But there is some issues also with episodic memory. Yeah, so it's just all of these things. We tend to think about kids not doing well at school as a function of them being bullied. So they disengage and then that influences their poor academic outcomes.

Their verbal memory is not as good. Episodic memory can be still intact. But there is some issues also with episodic memory. Yeah, so it's just all of these things. We tend to think about kids not doing well at school as a function of them being bullied. So they disengage and then that influences their poor academic outcomes.

Their verbal memory is not as good. Episodic memory can be still intact. But there is some issues also with episodic memory. Yeah, so it's just all of these things. We tend to think about kids not doing well at school as a function of them being bullied. So they disengage and then that influences their poor academic outcomes.

But we argued in this paper, and it's been replicated, that kids who are bullied also legitimately have poorer memory as a consequence of that poor treatment.