Emily Kwong

Yeah?

It does.

And the way it works is refineries will blend HEFA with regular jet fuel.

Joshua Hine is the director of the Bioproduct Sciences and Engineering Lab at Washington State University.

And he explained to me that the main problem with SAF isn't the chemistry.

It's not the science.

It's the economics.

So the scale question is hard.

And for Nafisa Lohawalla, a fellow with the think tank Resources for the Future, the supply chain problem exists because of the underlying cost issues SAF is just extremely expensive to make.

There are.

In fact, 11 conversion processes for SAF production have been approved by regulators.

One of the most promising is the alcohol-to-jet process.

where you convert starches like corn or cellulose biomass into ethanol, which then gets converted into jet fuel.

It's technically possible, but to scale it, again, that scale question for airplanes would take a lot of financial investment and raw material.

Yes.

Yes.

And that is a major critique of bio-based fuels overall, their potential negative impact on land use and

even food prices.

I mean, we need land for crops.

Do we also have enough to fuel cars and planes too?