Francis Fukuyama

Well, thanks very much for having me.

Okay, sure, in Puebla.

Funded by one of the richest men in Mexico.

Well, I think it revolves around two words.

End does not mean the cessation of history.

It meant what is the objective or goal towards which history seems to be moving.

And history, you know, in my sense, was that of the philosopher Hegel, which was a progressive evolution of human society.

So the end of history meant where is the whole modernization development process going?

And my argument was that it looked like it was tending towards a market economy linked to a liberal democratic political system.

So that was the origin of the, I think, the misunderstanding, because a lot of people just read the title and said, he thinks that stuff is going to stop happening.

And that was never the idea.

The other thing is that I turned the original article into a book with the title The End of History and the Last Man.

The end of history part comes from the philosopher Hegel.

The last man part comes from the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who said that the last man is the ambitionless, passionless creature that emerges at the end of history.

when all of his material comforts and security had been taken care of, and he no longer has any great aspirations or ambitions, and that this was one of the problems of the end of history, that people aren't going to want to be in that position, and they're going to try to rebel against it.

And I actually spent the last five chapters of the book version explaining how democracy could break down in ways that I think

are actually being acted out as we speak.

Well, honestly, I don't know the answer to that.

I think that the Chinese have created a pretty impressive system.

It is authoritarian.