Frank Dobbin

Thank you.

Thank you.

Thank you.

I would say in simple terms, DEI comes out of legislation trying to assure equality of opportunity that is having the same chances in the labor market by race, ethnicity, creed, starting in 1961, and then by gender as well, starting in 1964.

I would say in simple terms, DEI comes out of legislation trying to assure equality of opportunity that is having the same chances in the labor market by race, ethnicity, creed, starting in 1961, and then by gender as well, starting in 1964.

I would say in simple terms, DEI comes out of legislation trying to assure equality of opportunity that is having the same chances in the labor market by race, ethnicity, creed, starting in 1961, and then by gender as well, starting in 1964.

So before 1961, when John F. Kennedy issued an executive order requiring all firms with federal contracts and, by extension, all federal agencies to to practice what he called affirmative action, which means just taking positive steps to end the history of discrimination in employment.

So before 1961, when John F. Kennedy issued an executive order requiring all firms with federal contracts and, by extension, all federal agencies to to practice what he called affirmative action, which means just taking positive steps to end the history of discrimination in employment.

So before 1961, when John F. Kennedy issued an executive order requiring all firms with federal contracts and, by extension, all federal agencies to to practice what he called affirmative action, which means just taking positive steps to end the history of discrimination in employment.

Before that time, most employers, most private sector corporations, would not hire black men except for a certain number of jobs. So if we take the example of Lockheed's plant in Marietta, Georgia, which was a huge federal contractor building military airplanes. They would only hire black men for a few jobs, such as janitor and washroom attendant. They didn't recruit very broadly. for black men.

Before that time, most employers, most private sector corporations, would not hire black men except for a certain number of jobs. So if we take the example of Lockheed's plant in Marietta, Georgia, which was a huge federal contractor building military airplanes. They would only hire black men for a few jobs, such as janitor and washroom attendant. They didn't recruit very broadly. for black men.

Before that time, most employers, most private sector corporations, would not hire black men except for a certain number of jobs. So if we take the example of Lockheed's plant in Marietta, Georgia, which was a huge federal contractor building military airplanes. They would only hire black men for a few jobs, such as janitor and washroom attendant. They didn't recruit very broadly. for black men.

They didn't allow black men to any other kind of job. And they didn't provide the kinds of training that they provided for white men to black men. So they didn't provide skills training so that they could move up within the workforce. So the 1961 Affirmative Action Order got Lockheed to really change their ways.

They didn't allow black men to any other kind of job. And they didn't provide the kinds of training that they provided for white men to black men. So they didn't provide skills training so that they could move up within the workforce. So the 1961 Affirmative Action Order got Lockheed to really change their ways.

They didn't allow black men to any other kind of job. And they didn't provide the kinds of training that they provided for white men to black men. So they didn't provide skills training so that they could move up within the workforce. So the 1961 Affirmative Action Order got Lockheed to really change their ways.

I think it's important to remember as well that in 1961, Jim Crow laws were still in effect in the South. enforcing segregation in housing, in employment, in education. And just because the North didn't have those laws didn't mean that there wasn't the same kind of employment discrimination that we saw in the South.

I think it's important to remember as well that in 1961, Jim Crow laws were still in effect in the South. enforcing segregation in housing, in employment, in education. And just because the North didn't have those laws didn't mean that there wasn't the same kind of employment discrimination that we saw in the South.

I think it's important to remember as well that in 1961, Jim Crow laws were still in effect in the South. enforcing segregation in housing, in employment, in education. And just because the North didn't have those laws didn't mean that there wasn't the same kind of employment discrimination that we saw in the South.

So most Northern employers weren't hiring black men for any but the lowest level jobs, weren't promoting them, weren't offering them skill development. So the world has changed a lot.

So most Northern employers weren't hiring black men for any but the lowest level jobs, weren't promoting them, weren't offering them skill development. So the world has changed a lot.