Freiburg

So as the cells get older and the mitochondria stop working, we make new mitochondria. But over time, the DNA degrades and the mitochondria become less effective. And there are fewer functional mitochondria per cell. The cell stops working right. And eventually the organism stops working right.

So as the cells get older and the mitochondria stop working, we make new mitochondria. But over time, the DNA degrades and the mitochondria become less effective. And there are fewer functional mitochondria per cell. The cell stops working right. And eventually the organism stops working right.

It's part of some of the processes, but there's some separate research on this, but it's definitely worth spending time on.

It's part of some of the processes, but there's some separate research on this, but it's definitely worth spending time on.

There are questions on this, like, do you want to focus on things that are increasing biogenesis, which is creation of new mitochondria? Does that create a better benefit? On the creatine work, I've read some of these papers. I actually tried it for a while. I personally had a allergy to it, which is kind of rare, but happens. But anyway, we can talk about it further.

There are questions on this, like, do you want to focus on things that are increasing biogenesis, which is creation of new mitochondria? Does that create a better benefit? On the creatine work, I've read some of these papers. I actually tried it for a while. I personally had a allergy to it, which is kind of rare, but happens. But anyway, we can talk about it further.

So one of the key things was, there are three papers that I wanted to just highlight that kind of follow an interesting theme. The first one was from 2023 from Wash U in St. Louis. And this paper, Nick, if you could just pull up that image of mitochondria being transferred, these folks identified and demonstrated that mitochondria can actually transfer from one cell to another.

So one of the key things was, there are three papers that I wanted to just highlight that kind of follow an interesting theme. The first one was from 2023 from Wash U in St. Louis. And this paper, Nick, if you could just pull up that image of mitochondria being transferred, these folks identified and demonstrated that mitochondria can actually transfer from one cell to another.

So if you've got a cell that's got damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, they've identified three mechanisms by which mitochondria can move into a cell that needs more mitochondria that are working. and are more functional. That's something that's been theorized for a long time, people have said, Oh, well, we think mitochondria transfer, but there wasn't really evidence of this.

So if you've got a cell that's got damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, they've identified three mechanisms by which mitochondria can move into a cell that needs more mitochondria that are working. and are more functional. That's something that's been theorized for a long time, people have said, Oh, well, we think mitochondria transfer, but there wasn't really evidence of this.

So as of two years ago, these guys provided very good evidence of mitochondria, that we can now put into cells, if it's floating around, it can make its way into another cell. And as a result, it can rejuvenate or provide energy to a dysfunctional cell, which might improve dysfunctional tissue or improve disease. The second paper

So as of two years ago, these guys provided very good evidence of mitochondria, that we can now put into cells, if it's floating around, it can make its way into another cell. And as a result, it can rejuvenate or provide energy to a dysfunctional cell, which might improve dysfunctional tissue or improve disease. The second paper

was done last month out of Columbia University, and this was the first mapping of the mitochondria in the human brain. And so these folks created 703 tiny cubes of brain from a person that passed away, a 54-year-old donor, and then they analyzed the mitochondria in each of those cubes, and they used that to make a map of mitochondria in the brain.

was done last month out of Columbia University, and this was the first mapping of the mitochondria in the human brain. And so these folks created 703 tiny cubes of brain from a person that passed away, a 54-year-old donor, and then they analyzed the mitochondria in each of those cubes, and they used that to make a map of mitochondria in the brain.

And what it showed was that different parts of the brain

And what it showed was that different parts of the brain

different cells had different amounts of mitochondria and different mitochondrial function, which actually starts to highlight how that difference in energy production in different cells in different parts of the brain may actually cause some of the things like memory loss, or speech impairment, or as we age, the fact that we end up being, you know, kind of forgetful or start to lose some of our capacity, that the mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain might actually be the key driver of that aging symptomology.

different cells had different amounts of mitochondria and different mitochondrial function, which actually starts to highlight how that difference in energy production in different cells in different parts of the brain may actually cause some of the things like memory loss, or speech impairment, or as we age, the fact that we end up being, you know, kind of forgetful or start to lose some of our capacity, that the mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain might actually be the key driver of that aging symptomology.

The third paper, which just came out, came out of a team at Zhejiang University in China.

The third paper, which just came out, came out of a team at Zhejiang University in China.