Gad Barnea

that are not permitted by the Torah. They do a lot of stuff that goes squarely against what is prescribed in the Torah, but we don't have anything to show adherence to the Torah. We have a lot of negative examples. But we don't have anything to show that they knew anything about the Torah at all in that time period.

that are not permitted by the Torah. They do a lot of stuff that goes squarely against what is prescribed in the Torah, but we don't have anything to show adherence to the Torah. We have a lot of negative examples. But we don't have anything to show that they knew anything about the Torah at all in that time period.

So Judaism, from a purely extra-biblical perspective, Judaism starts around the second, maybe late third century before the common era.

So Judaism, from a purely extra-biblical perspective, Judaism starts around the second, maybe late third century before the common era.

So Judaism, from a purely extra-biblical perspective, Judaism starts around the second, maybe late third century before the common era.

I mean, according to the Bible, according to certain interpretations of the Bible, we're talking about Abraham, right? Being kind of the founder of the, in a sense of like the covenant with God and things like that. Which, I mean, as a scholar looking at this for a lot of reasons, this is mythological. Yes. And so, and I can say that with certainty in terms of as a scholar. When was Abraham again?

I mean, according to the Bible, according to certain interpretations of the Bible, we're talking about Abraham, right? Being kind of the founder of the, in a sense of like the covenant with God and things like that. Which, I mean, as a scholar looking at this for a lot of reasons, this is mythological. Yes. And so, and I can say that with certainty in terms of as a scholar. When was Abraham again?

I mean, according to the Bible, according to certain interpretations of the Bible, we're talking about Abraham, right? Being kind of the founder of the, in a sense of like the covenant with God and things like that. Which, I mean, as a scholar looking at this for a lot of reasons, this is mythological. Yes. And so, and I can say that with certainty in terms of as a scholar. When was Abraham again?

It was supposed to be around 2000. But the reason I'm very certain about this is that, first of all, again, we have thousands of documents and none of them know anything about any of these stories. Know nothing. I mean, even the name Abraham doesn't exist anywhere within the sphere of Jewish life or Yahwistic life anywhere.

It was supposed to be around 2000. But the reason I'm very certain about this is that, first of all, again, we have thousands of documents and none of them know anything about any of these stories. Know nothing. I mean, even the name Abraham doesn't exist anywhere within the sphere of Jewish life or Yahwistic life anywhere.

It was supposed to be around 2000. But the reason I'm very certain about this is that, first of all, again, we have thousands of documents and none of them know anything about any of these stories. Know nothing. I mean, even the name Abraham doesn't exist anywhere within the sphere of Jewish life or Yahwistic life anywhere.

But also the idea, so the whole concept of Abraham and the patriarchs, so Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, is people coming from the east to establish a new nation, right? That's the whole concept of the patriarchs. Coming from the east and even when Jacob and Isaac need to marry, they have to go back and marry someone from the east and bring them to Canaan.

But also the idea, so the whole concept of Abraham and the patriarchs, so Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, is people coming from the east to establish a new nation, right? That's the whole concept of the patriarchs. Coming from the east and even when Jacob and Isaac need to marry, they have to go back and marry someone from the east and bring them to Canaan.

But also the idea, so the whole concept of Abraham and the patriarchs, so Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, is people coming from the east to establish a new nation, right? That's the whole concept of the patriarchs. Coming from the east and even when Jacob and Isaac need to marry, they have to go back and marry someone from the east and bring them to Canaan.

So the idea of people coming from the east and establishing a community is such a deeply Hellenistic idea. So in the Hellenistic world... When you say Hellenistic idea, what do you mean by that? Well, in the Hellenistic world, it was really important for a lot of these... Hellenistic means a certain time frame, right? Correct.

So the idea of people coming from the east and establishing a community is such a deeply Hellenistic idea. So in the Hellenistic world... When you say Hellenistic idea, what do you mean by that? Well, in the Hellenistic world, it was really important for a lot of these... Hellenistic means a certain time frame, right? Correct.

So the idea of people coming from the east and establishing a community is such a deeply Hellenistic idea. So in the Hellenistic world... When you say Hellenistic idea, what do you mean by that? Well, in the Hellenistic world, it was really important for a lot of these... Hellenistic means a certain time frame, right? Correct.

So we're talking really the turn of the 3rd century, late 4th century before the Common Era. And really into the common era. I mean, that's a much wider, that's kind of Greco-Roman now that we're talking about, but it's still- So like 550 Bs is as early as it gets, right? No, no, no. About 400. Oh, 400. Okay.

So we're talking really the turn of the 3rd century, late 4th century before the Common Era. And really into the common era. I mean, that's a much wider, that's kind of Greco-Roman now that we're talking about, but it's still- So like 550 Bs is as early as it gets, right? No, no, no. About 400. Oh, 400. Okay.

So we're talking really the turn of the 3rd century, late 4th century before the Common Era. And really into the common era. I mean, that's a much wider, that's kind of Greco-Roman now that we're talking about, but it's still- So like 550 Bs is as early as it gets, right? No, no, no. About 400. Oh, 400. Okay.