Hiranya Peiris
đ€ SpeakerAppearances Over Time
Podcast Appearances
Muistan, ettÀ toimin niin monilla eri töillÀ, ettÀ kÀsitin jÀrjestelmÀt ylöspÀin. Minulla on se vielÀ jossain, jotta muistaisin, ettÀ jÀrjestelmÀ on hyvÀ. Lopulta menin jÀrjestelmÀÀn, joka kutsuttiin Nukleari-Elektrikkiin, joka johti UK-nukleareaktoreita. Olin paikassa, jossa tutkittiin jÀrjestelmÀturvallisuuden rikkoja.
SiinÀ ei ollut henkilöÀ, ja minÀ olin nuori, henkilökohtainen henkilö, mutta olin asunut tÀstÀ ryhmÀstÀ, joka ei kÀsitteli minua eroon. Olin vain sanonut, ettÀ tÀmÀ on se, mitÀ sinun tÀytyy tehdÀ. Ja opettelin itseÀni koodin C++. Opitsin Unixia.
I didn't really connect to the way of learning in lectures and so on. It's a continuation of your school days experience. I used to fall asleep, but in my second year I was accepted into a summer research internship at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. That was a real turning point in my life.
That was a wonderful occasion. So Stephen and Roger Penrose had contrasting ideas about the physics of the very early universe. And they were debating each other. And I was transfixed by this lecture. And then afterwards I built up my courage. I was a very, very shy young girl. But I went up to Stephen and asked for his thumbprint.
Ja toivottavasti heillÀ oli oikeastaan inkipÀÀtÀ, koska muita ihmisiÀ tosiaan pyytÀvÀt myös hÀntÀ. Joten minulla on se vielÀ jossain. Kun olit valmistunut koulutukseesi, aloitit Ph.D. Princetonin yliopistossa Yhdysvaltojen astrofysiikkiaan. MitÀ sinua tuohon liittyi?
I visited there to see whether that's where I wanted to go. And a young professor called David Spergel came late in the evening to pick me up from the train station and take me to a very welcoming group of graduate students. And again it was this feeling of belonging. It felt like I had come to another family. And David later was my PhD advisor as well. But I had this gut reaction that that was the place where I belonged.
One of the crucial points that makes my field possible is that light has a speed limit, which means that when you look into the distant universe, you see things as they were in the past. Because it's taken a long time to get to us. That's absolutely right. So the oldest light we can see in the universe is the cosmic microwave background. And the probe was picking up the faint patterns of this ancient light. You were part of the team that analysed the data. What did that involve?
So the analysis involved comparing the patterns of the very early light that we can see in the cosmic microwave background with theoretical models and different cosmological models make different predictions for the pattern. It's like a fingerprint. It identifies the theory. And my job was to build a sort of statistical bridge
YmpÀristön ajan voimme laittaa siihen 13,8 miljoonaa vuotta. Voimme myös mÀÀritellÀ, kun tÀmÀ alkuperÀinen ilma tuli. Se tuli ajan, kun ympÀristö oli noin 380 000 vuotta vanha. TÀmÀ on ympÀristön pieni kuvio. 380 000 vuotta on kuinka monta vuotta myöhemmin Big Bangin jÀlkeen?
It's a simple model, but it's a really bizarre one. It is described by just six numbers. So we need two numbers to describe the origin of cosmic structure. Where did everything come from? Then we have three numbers to describe how it's evolving. So that's the amount of ordinary matter in the universe. Everything our world is made of, what we are made of, that's ordinary matter. It's only 5%. And then there is dark matter and dark energy, which are very mysterious components of the universe.
Ja silti ne ovat 95 prosenttia. 95 prosenttia. Voimme nÀhdÀ, ettÀ ne ovat siellÀ, mutta ne eivÀt ole kuin mitÀÀn, mitÀ me tiedÀmme. Ja sitten ympÀristön geometria, joka kertoo sinulle jotain itsenÀistÀ. Ja sitten me myös tarvitsemme tietÀÀ, kun ensimmÀiset maat muodostuivat, jotta voimme kuvitella ympÀristön.
It sounds like science fiction, but it gets even more science fictiony than that. Not only it is thought that the universe expanded that rapidly, but also little quantum fluctuations literally in the structure of space.
Inflation is by no means confirmed yet, but the data is discriminating enough to be able to say something about the trillionth of a trillionth of a second, but there's still quite a lot of work to do. Which is what makes it all so fascinating, right? What was it like for you working on this?
TÀmÀn aikana muistin, ettÀ työskennellessÀ tÀmÀn mahtavan ryhmÀn sisÀllÀ, se tuntui niin, ettÀ elÀmÀmme olivat yhdessÀ, kuten neuronetworkissa. TyöskennellessÀ työskentelimme ympÀri kohdalla, jotta datat tulisivat numeroihin. Se oli niin mahtava kokemus, jota en ollut ennen tai myöhemmin.
Stephen Hawking sanoi, ettÀ todennÀköisesti inflaatio-tiedot, joita te ja muut olette saaneet, ovat suurin piirtein yllÀttÀvÀ kehitys fysiikin aikana. Luulen, ettÀ Stephen on ollut melko tyhmÀinen tekemisessÀ tÀtÀ sanomaa, koska hÀn pitÀisi olla ylpeÀ hÀnen työtÀÀn ja antaa meidÀt nÀkökulmasta testiin. Tiedot ovat kuin tapestari, ja hÀn teki hyvin ison osan tapestariin hÀnen työnsÀ. Ja mitÀ me teimme, oli ottaa niitÀ rikkoja ja kÀsitellÀ lisÀÀ.
Inflation, this super fast expansion of space. So what did you find? I can give a musical analogy. So according to inflation, if you represented the universe as a symphony, it should have more bass notes than treble notes. And a simple idea of the origin of structure tells you that there should be equal amounts of bass notes and treble notes. But the inflation prediction was tested and found to be correct by Planck.
Axion particles, if they exist, are very light, so they behave less like particles and more like a radio wave permeating the universe. And so you can kind of do a tabletop experiment in a university lab to try to detect this radio wave. The experiment is like a radio receiver. We have to tune it and find the right frequency, but we don't know what the frequency is. It's in a range. Yes, so we need to tune into it.
The first images are just astonishing. So not only are they super high resolution, but the depth is very great so that you can see much, much further into the universe. So when you look at pictures of galaxies, for example, they look super crisp, but you can also see the faint outskirts of these galaxies where gas is accumulating there.
which is going to feed into future generations of stars that we couldn't see before. And also because it is a time lapse, you can see exploding stars in the universe. I've had a look at some of these moving images online, and it really is mind-blowing. But in terms of the science, how does this enhance what you can learn about the universe?
Voimme kÀyttÀÀ nÀitÀ kuvia, jotta voidaan nÀhdÀ syvÀllÀ ympÀri maailmaa ja noin puolivÀlillÀ maailman elÀmÀstÀ. Emme voi nÀhdÀ syvÀllÀ maailmaa, mutta syvÀllÀ maailmalla nÀkyy ilma, kun seuraa syvÀllÀ maailman koncentraatioita. TÀmÀ vaikuttaa pienen pienen ympÀristöön galaksien muotoiluun.