Horacio Lopez-Nicora

They're cells that we're supposed to find in the embryo, in the seed. So the nematode is really taking control of the plant machinery and making it believe that in my root system, that's where you need to feed your progeny. I mean, of course, I'm making these extremely more simple than what it is, but we don't see symptoms.

Like Dylan say, we have beautiful soybean plant losing 30% yield, and we just thought we had the best season of our life. And we left, you know, on average, what, $300 an acre below ground?

Like Dylan say, we have beautiful soybean plant losing 30% yield, and we just thought we had the best season of our life. And we left, you know, on average, what, $300 an acre below ground?

Like Dylan say, we have beautiful soybean plant losing 30% yield, and we just thought we had the best season of our life. And we left, you know, on average, what, $300 an acre below ground?

That's a great question. We have a physical damage, which is a penetration of the nematode. It has a stylet that we'll use to break into the cells and the root system, migrate to the vascular cylinder of the plant, where you have the phloem, where you have the xylem. So movement of water and nutrients are going up and photosynthates are coming down.

That's a great question. We have a physical damage, which is a penetration of the nematode. It has a stylet that we'll use to break into the cells and the root system, migrate to the vascular cylinder of the plant, where you have the phloem, where you have the xylem. So movement of water and nutrients are going up and photosynthates are coming down.

That's a great question. We have a physical damage, which is a penetration of the nematode. It has a stylet that we'll use to break into the cells and the root system, migrate to the vascular cylinder of the plant, where you have the phloem, where you have the xylem. So movement of water and nutrients are going up and photosynthates are coming down.

And the nematode sets these feeding sites very close to that region. So double punch there, right? But more of the damage is caused by these modified feeding sites. And it's way more intricate than just saying, you know, it modifies a cell, right? There's evidence of research of, you know, taking control of hormonal system, right?

And the nematode sets these feeding sites very close to that region. So double punch there, right? But more of the damage is caused by these modified feeding sites. And it's way more intricate than just saying, you know, it modifies a cell, right? There's evidence of research of, you know, taking control of hormonal system, right?

And the nematode sets these feeding sites very close to that region. So double punch there, right? But more of the damage is caused by these modified feeding sites. And it's way more intricate than just saying, you know, it modifies a cell, right? There's evidence of research of, you know, taking control of hormonal system, right?

So some of the major hormones like auxins will be up and down regulated. So it's fascinating, right?

So some of the major hormones like auxins will be up and down regulated. So it's fascinating, right?

So some of the major hormones like auxins will be up and down regulated. So it's fascinating, right?

Yes, it's a plant parasitic nematode. That's how we're going to call it normally. And not only that, we can add obligate parasite. It requires a living root to survive and to reproduce. You take the nematode out of that root that it's feeding on and it will not survive. You try to grow it on something that is not alive, you will not be able to grow it.

Yes, it's a plant parasitic nematode. That's how we're going to call it normally. And not only that, we can add obligate parasite. It requires a living root to survive and to reproduce. You take the nematode out of that root that it's feeding on and it will not survive. You try to grow it on something that is not alive, you will not be able to grow it.

Yes, it's a plant parasitic nematode. That's how we're going to call it normally. And not only that, we can add obligate parasite. It requires a living root to survive and to reproduce. You take the nematode out of that root that it's feeding on and it will not survive. You try to grow it on something that is not alive, you will not be able to grow it.

Very differently than with other pathogens of soybeans that we deal with, right? You mentioned SDS, for example. It's caused by a fungus. That fungus can be easily grown in a media that is not alive. It's still a parasite. It can parasite the plant. but still you can grow it on a media that is not alive. Soybean is an obligate parasite.

Very differently than with other pathogens of soybeans that we deal with, right? You mentioned SDS, for example. It's caused by a fungus. That fungus can be easily grown in a media that is not alive. It's still a parasite. It can parasite the plant. but still you can grow it on a media that is not alive. Soybean is an obligate parasite.

Very differently than with other pathogens of soybeans that we deal with, right? You mentioned SDS, for example. It's caused by a fungus. That fungus can be easily grown in a media that is not alive. It's still a parasite. It can parasite the plant. but still you can grow it on a media that is not alive. Soybean is an obligate parasite.

That's a great question. The mechanism of interaction is something that we are still trying to better understand. So the reports that we have and the evidence of interaction are... from very indirect observation. What does that mean? Well, when we have them both together, we see more SDS symptoms showing up.