Horacio Lopez-Nicora

That's a great question. The mechanism of interaction is something that we are still trying to better understand. So the reports that we have and the evidence of interaction are... from very indirect observation. What does that mean? Well, when we have them both together, we see more SDS symptoms showing up.

That's a great question. The mechanism of interaction is something that we are still trying to better understand. So the reports that we have and the evidence of interaction are... from very indirect observation. What does that mean? Well, when we have them both together, we see more SDS symptoms showing up.

Or SDS symptoms, which are those intervenial chloroses yellowing in between the veins of the leaf, show up earlier when we have a lot of nematodes. Understanding how that really happens, which is a mechanism, is still something that we're trying to figure out.

Or SDS symptoms, which are those intervenial chloroses yellowing in between the veins of the leaf, show up earlier when we have a lot of nematodes. Understanding how that really happens, which is a mechanism, is still something that we're trying to figure out.

Or SDS symptoms, which are those intervenial chloroses yellowing in between the veins of the leaf, show up earlier when we have a lot of nematodes. Understanding how that really happens, which is a mechanism, is still something that we're trying to figure out.

Yeah, that's a great question. And so the nematode will penetrate the root. So sometimes we think, you know, that resistance will avoid the nematode penetrating the roots, and that's not the case. So you put a tomato root and the soybean seed nematode will go inside that root. It will penetrate.

Yeah, that's a great question. And so the nematode will penetrate the root. So sometimes we think, you know, that resistance will avoid the nematode penetrating the roots, and that's not the case. So you put a tomato root and the soybean seed nematode will go inside that root. It will penetrate.

Yeah, that's a great question. And so the nematode will penetrate the root. So sometimes we think, you know, that resistance will avoid the nematode penetrating the roots, and that's not the case. So you put a tomato root and the soybean seed nematode will go inside that root. It will penetrate.

It will use the stylet, which is like a needle that it has on the head, to break those cells and migrate to the vascular cylinder. When the nematode penetrates a susceptible soybean, and does this migration to the vascular cylinder to establish this feeding site, it will probe cells with that stylet. It will release effectors, right, to engage in that interaction of host pathogen.

It will use the stylet, which is like a needle that it has on the head, to break those cells and migrate to the vascular cylinder. When the nematode penetrates a susceptible soybean, and does this migration to the vascular cylinder to establish this feeding site, it will probe cells with that stylet. It will release effectors, right, to engage in that interaction of host pathogen.

It will use the stylet, which is like a needle that it has on the head, to break those cells and migrate to the vascular cylinder. When the nematode penetrates a susceptible soybean, and does this migration to the vascular cylinder to establish this feeding site, it will probe cells with that stylet. It will release effectors, right, to engage in that interaction of host pathogen.

When that happens, the nematode becomes sedentary and cannot move anymore. And that's how it's going to complete its life cycle. The susceptible soybean will feed the nematode for its entire life. Now, at one point, the males will regain this warm light condition, will get out of the root and will fertilize females. The males won't feed anymore. At least we don't have evidence that they feed.

When that happens, the nematode becomes sedentary and cannot move anymore. And that's how it's going to complete its life cycle. The susceptible soybean will feed the nematode for its entire life. Now, at one point, the males will regain this warm light condition, will get out of the root and will fertilize females. The males won't feed anymore. At least we don't have evidence that they feed.

When that happens, the nematode becomes sedentary and cannot move anymore. And that's how it's going to complete its life cycle. The susceptible soybean will feed the nematode for its entire life. Now, at one point, the males will regain this warm light condition, will get out of the root and will fertilize females. The males won't feed anymore. At least we don't have evidence that they feed.

They will fertilize a female. This is a sexual obligate parasite, just like we are. We have to have sex to reproduce. Soybeans is nematode, have to have sex to reproduce. Now, this is very important because every sexual recombination means that there is a possibility to shift virulence, to adapt to new traits, to become more resilient.

They will fertilize a female. This is a sexual obligate parasite, just like we are. We have to have sex to reproduce. Soybeans is nematode, have to have sex to reproduce. Now, this is very important because every sexual recombination means that there is a possibility to shift virulence, to adapt to new traits, to become more resilient.

They will fertilize a female. This is a sexual obligate parasite, just like we are. We have to have sex to reproduce. Soybeans is nematode, have to have sex to reproduce. Now, this is very important because every sexual recombination means that there is a possibility to shift virulence, to adapt to new traits, to become more resilient.

So this is great from the perspective of the pathogen that can adapt very well. Now, what happens when we have a resistant soybean? the nematode will penetrate the root of a resistant soybean, will migrate to the vascular cylinder, will start probing those cells and engage in this interaction with this plant.

So this is great from the perspective of the pathogen that can adapt very well. Now, what happens when we have a resistant soybean? the nematode will penetrate the root of a resistant soybean, will migrate to the vascular cylinder, will start probing those cells and engage in this interaction with this plant.

So this is great from the perspective of the pathogen that can adapt very well. Now, what happens when we have a resistant soybean? the nematode will penetrate the root of a resistant soybean, will migrate to the vascular cylinder, will start probing those cells and engage in this interaction with this plant.