Horacio Lopez-Nicora

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66 appearances 1 recordings 1 series first heard Mar 2025 last heard Mar 2025

Horacio Lopez-Nicora’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Farm4Profit Podcast · Soybean Cyst Nematode: The Silent Threat Stealing Your Yield · 3 Mar 2025 podcast

So, you know, you're getting to spring, coming out of winter, it's getting warmer, those eggs will hatch. There's another cohort that will only hatch if it smells soybean, if there is exudates of the host. And there's a third cohort, which is an enigma, which will hatch whenever they want. It's time dependent. You provide warm temperature, they don't hatch.

In Ohio, we provide up to two samples free of charge for growers. They can submit a There are samples, and we'll process those for soybean cyst nematode, and then we'll report numbers of eggs per 100 cc of soil, cubic centimeters of soil.

Yeah, and that's a great comment, Corey, because we have been trained as growers to pull samples for our soil test, soil lab nutrients, right? We do it routinely, right? That same soil sample, we can pull a soup sample and send it to a nematology lab. We collect it in the same way. that task that really going out and getting the soil sample is the most time-consuming part of doing it.

Once we have that, we can split that and send it to a soil lab for nutrient analysis and to a nematology lab to test for soybean cyst nematode.

So from a commercial soybean field, 27,000. So we usually get a couple of those every year. Yeah. And it's really hard to bring those levels down. And that's one of the, you know, best management strategies to actively sample and identify if you have soybean cyst nematode that you do, and then try to keep those levels low, which is easier than trying to bring higher levels down.

And you say 350, correct, Corey? Yeah, that's my highest. And that's great because I consider those low numbers maybe not even causing much damage yet. But then how cautious we need to be about that low level and how in one season it can explode if we feed that nematode a very susceptible soybean in a very conducive environmental condition.

And we have growers that engaged in, in these, uh, experiment that, that I proposed, uh, them, you know, they sample in spring before planting and they come with very low numbers. And then my request is let's go to the same site and sample again in fall and levels of 400 or 200, very low, um, by the end of that season were above that thousand levels that Dylan was talking about.

That would be, that would be excellent. And maybe you guys can have us back, you know, we can do a part two after harvest.

Yes, correct. For some reason, alkaline soil, higher pH soil, for some reason in those sites, the reproduction rate is higher. What would you say?

That's a nice way to target where you're going to start sampling sometimes. It's like, where do I start? Should I just take our random cross-section sample? That's fine. But maybe you want to be strategic and have comparisons. What we normally recommend is entryways, areas where soil will move, either because of water flowing, high pH content,

And then you can have multiple sites where you are evaluating. Using yield maps from previous year, it's another one. Most of my growers have come to realize that they had soybeans is nematode because we went to those low yielding spot that they have, you know, did everything and still continue yield low, right? So we took a soil sample, soybeans is nematode.

Yep. Compared to 30 with higher numbers, yes, in that sense, right? And actually, this calculator is becoming very handy to move away from tables that talk about low, high, moderate, right? because it takes more into account certain aspects of Cory's field.

I can take this question. It's a good one, because we get a lot of these questions, you know, and one of the comments that we receive is, I farm heavy soil, so I don't have to worry about soybeans as nematode. And we have a project with a master's students where we're purposely going and taking soil texture.

So we have a range of different texture, sandy to very heavy soils and everything in between. The sandy soil allows the the animal to move faster. And it does move in very, very short distance, right? It also creates more of additional abiotic interaction. So those soils will get dry faster, plants will stress faster, and you put that pathogen there and it cause more significant yield reduction.

Once the nematode hit the root, It doesn't matter if it's in a sandy soil or in a heavy soil. It will reproduce. So we may be delaying, you know, that dramatic yield reduction that we see in sandy soils when we plant in heavier soils with nematode. But when that population builds up and it's pretty much across, then we're in pretty much the same fate. Okay.

No, from our conversation, I will caution planting as susceptible, right, in any instance, just because of how fast the nematode can reproduce. And the SCN Coalition, we have a very nice infographic of how explosive these populations can be when we provide a very susceptible cultivar. Now, like Dylan mentioned, most of our PI88-NAA, by definition, is already susceptible at

some degree to the populations of nematodes we have. But I think for the audience, there's a really easy way to remember a nice integrated management strategy, the triple R management to SCN. Rotate, rotate, and rotate. Rotate to a non-host. Rotate different soybean varieties. Don't feed this animal the same generic material because it will adapt And rotate sources of resistance.

And on top of that, sample your field so you know if you have it so you can monitor those numbers and consider acid protecting. Because you're going to have other stuff other than soybean disease nematode also threatening your soybean health.

Yeah. Yeah. No, that's a way to think about science and next research, Corey. I totally agree with you. And one thing that we were talking about, how excited we are of new products coming, one is nemasphere from BASF, for example. It's a transgenic soybean.

And what it does, it expresses this cryprosing, you know, like the BT, the BT that we know from exactly the same, but it's one that targets these nematodes. So... You just mentioned it. How can we do the same thing? And it's already out there. It's going to be hopefully available in 2028 pending registration and everything, right? But can we do something else?

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