James Cleverley

But when we asked the young people who were at high risk, if you remember, that particular project was to identify people who were at high risk, and it was the people who were learning to drive, people in that 18 to 24 age group.

And many of the young men, when we made that video, You're Never Ever the Same Again, I said, well, what's the principal issue?

Is it bad roads?

No, they said it's violence.

What we mean by violence is that violent behaviour is non-thinking behaviour.

It's behaviour which has no contemplation at all, beginning, middle and end, and it occurs because there's a rush

of violent fluid to the cortex, which makes them fail to think.

And their own thinking is like a pondered up river.

It's going nowhere.

So the only way out of that for them is to be violent.

And you see this all the time.

What's the scientific ingredient?

I think the scientific ingredient is based on my first meeting with the head of mission at the Lifehouse, Chris Milross.

and he gave me a copy of the Lancet's compendium paper called The Science of Hope and there's 80 references in it and they look at the way in which behaving in a hopeful fashion enables the person not only to proceed in a positive fashion but that alters the response of their immune system.

So that concept of hope, which appears to be something which is social and interpersonal, has in fact a distinct effect on our immune system.

And there's a chapter called A Look at Immunity, and the reviewer of it was Peter Doherty, who won the Nobel Prize for his Improving Our Understanding of the Immune System.

And he's kindly endorsed this book.

So we are affecting with hope, but we are affecting the immune system with every piece of behaviour.

Cathy Ellis's book about the new health.

She's the professor of biodiversity at Oxford, and she contrasts with Ian McEwan in his statement in his new novel.