Janet Egan

But I think in general, at the moment, really large clusters are pretty easy to identify and find because there haven't been strong incentives to hide that kind of behavior.

So there is a possibility to retrofit data centers and the tech is still nascent, but still emerging.

And there's a lot of people working on this to say, what are tamper-proof processes that you can add into a data center or add next to chips that can also provide some oversight and monitoring of how compute clusters are being used?

Tamper-proofing is notoriously hard because essentially you're trying to model one of the most sophisticated actors in the world trying to tamper with something.

And to make something adversarially robust, that takes a lot of time and experimentation.

For a reality check, I think these mechanisms are still a way off and I think we need more incredible minds and incredible engineers working on these things.

And I think that hardening it to make it adversary-proof

I think would be well over a year away, but needs more work on it.

But we can look at the nuclear non-proliferation case study for examples here.

So they have 24-7 camera surveillance of nuclear stockpiles in countries.

That's right.

And so the IAEA also has like, you have tamper with seals and you also have cameras that are pointed at certain stockpiles 24-7 with live feeds.

And I think that sort of,

analogy, you can also show that sometimes the solutions can be like the very basic bread and butter, things that are outside the cutting edge of tech, but are still like in-person inspections and yeah, ongoing monitoring.

Can I just jump in here with, just to again, link it back to the nuclear analogy.

So this same question came up with the comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty of like, is this impossible or is it just technically difficult?

And of course it was RAND.

A physicist from RAND and others said that you couldn't definitively differentiate the seismic

signals from an earthquake compared to a nuclear explosion underground.

And that really slowed down progress on pushing for banning nuclear tests for quite a while.