John Collison

Nothing real time in the cloud.

And there are some things that can happen in the cloud, but they're not required.

Got it.

What's an example of a nice to have that happens in the cloud?

You can imagine a situation where we do, you know, some of it is not directly related to the task of driving, but after you leave the car, we want to check that, you know, the car is not dirty.

You didn't leave anything there.

If you did leave, you know, an item, well, if you left a mess, then, you know, I want to send the car back.

to one of our depots, get it cleaned up.

If you left an item there, you know, your phone, all right, we want to detect that and then, you know, send it to our lost and found and let you know, right?

So that, you know, we do with kind of a by...

asking a model that actually lives off board as opposed to having to put it on the car, right?

Because it's not a real-time task related to the driving.

I do find that often the way they're posed and the way the debate happens is losing a lot of the nuance and a lot of

detail that really matters are, to me, the most interesting technical questions are in that level.

Because the way we think about building the Waymo driver, it starts with a large off-board foundation model.

Imagine building a big model that understands how the physical world works and understands

the important properties of what it means to drive, the social aspects of driving, and what it means to be, you know, a good driver as opposed to a bad one.

So that's the foundation.

Then we specialize it into, what do we call it, three areas.

main off-board teachers.