John Martinis

And when you get an MRI, you're in a liquid helium machine.

With a superconducting magnet, they charge it up, and that magnetic field is basically there forever, you know, waiting for people to go inside it.

It's kind of strange to be inside this super cold magnet there.

But they've designed it very well.

It works well.

Yeah, yeah.

And this is, this Josephson junction, because the Cooper pairs have to tunnel through it, but they kind of tunnel through it together without any loss.

This actually forms what's called an electrical inductor in circuits.

So an inductor is normally a coil of wire that stores energy in this magnetic field.

Here, this just stores energy of the electrons tunneling through here.

It's something we call a kinetic inductance.

And it happens with this.

But that forms a nonlinear inductance.

And with a capacitor in the circuit, that forms an inductor capacitance resonance circuit.

which is like in your radios, you have filters of LC resonant circuits to filter your signal and do anything.

So this is a very common microwave and radio frequency element that you use all the time to make electrical circuits.

That's right.

So this inductor capacitor resonator, which you just treat as a charge and a current going through, but because it's quantum mechanics, there's this wave function to it.

So there's some uncertainty in these.

And then given just the way that the simple electrical circuit works, you can then demonstrate the quantum mechanics, one of the tunneling.