John Morgan

This is an embarrassment. This is utterly unprofessional. There's been no apology. There has been no recognition of the gravity of this error. And by the way, we will get the full transcript of this chain and your testimony will be measured carefully against its content.

This is an embarrassment. This is utterly unprofessional. There's been no apology. There has been no recognition of the gravity of this error. And by the way, we will get the full transcript of this chain and your testimony will be measured carefully against its content.

I think at the end of this trial we will have a good idea of that. One of the difficulties with this sort of treatment is how do you measure the outcome? Now, you may think that that's an obvious question because, as you've just heard from Carol, they hope that their disease will get better and their symptoms will go away. But that can actually take quite a while.

I think at the end of this trial we will have a good idea of that. One of the difficulties with this sort of treatment is how do you measure the outcome? Now, you may think that that's an obvious question because, as you've just heard from Carol, they hope that their disease will get better and their symptoms will go away. But that can actually take quite a while.

That could take several months to really switch off. And in the meantime, we need to have some tests which tell us that we are actually affecting patients. the parts of the immune system that are causing the disease.

That could take several months to really switch off. And in the meantime, we need to have some tests which tell us that we are actually affecting patients. the parts of the immune system that are causing the disease.

So if at the end of this trial, when we've analysed all the blood samples, we see that change in the blood, then that's really exciting because it tells us we're on the right track and it will give us markers with which to design future trials.

So if at the end of this trial, when we've analysed all the blood samples, we see that change in the blood, then that's really exciting because it tells us we're on the right track and it will give us markers with which to design future trials.

Yes, absolutely. I mean, if the question is when will these treatments reach the standard care, I've been saying five to ten years, probably close to ten years, because it takes a long time for the regulatory processes and the proof that we need absolutely that the treatment is working. But it's carrying on in the background all the time.

Yes, absolutely. I mean, if the question is when will these treatments reach the standard care, I've been saying five to ten years, probably close to ten years, because it takes a long time for the regulatory processes and the proof that we need absolutely that the treatment is working. But it's carrying on in the background all the time.

Yeah, it's been something that's interested me for many years. And this work has been funded by the charity versus arthritis for many years. It's around how the immune system works. And I would say over the last 25 years, we've gained a much better understanding of the interactions between different types of cell in the immune system. We understand quite a lot about the cells which are

Yeah, it's been something that's interested me for many years. And this work has been funded by the charity versus arthritis for many years. It's around how the immune system works. And I would say over the last 25 years, we've gained a much better understanding of the interactions between different types of cell in the immune system. We understand quite a lot about the cells which are

I call the generals of the immune system, which organize and tell other immune cells whether to attack or ignore. And once you've got that idea, then you can take patients' own blood cells and grow them in the laboratory and effectively train them to become the cells that switch off disease. It's a process that's been going on for many years and every experiment gives us more ideas.

I call the generals of the immune system, which organize and tell other immune cells whether to attack or ignore. And once you've got that idea, then you can take patients' own blood cells and grow them in the laboratory and effectively train them to become the cells that switch off disease. It's a process that's been going on for many years and every experiment gives us more ideas.

In the laboratory, we can make these cells and they do the job that we want them to do. The question is, is when we put them into the complex human body, whether they can still do that task properly.

In the laboratory, we can make these cells and they do the job that we want them to do. The question is, is when we put them into the complex human body, whether they can still do that task properly.

Yes. Rheumatoid is an autoimmune disease. And basically, as I kind of, I hope I've explained it, it's a disease where the immune system attacks its own joints. Now, many autoimmune diseases, common ones that people will have heard of are type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and ultimately diabetes. The mechanisms are very similar. The way the immune system goes wrong is similar.

Yes. Rheumatoid is an autoimmune disease. And basically, as I kind of, I hope I've explained it, it's a disease where the immune system attacks its own joints. Now, many autoimmune diseases, common ones that people will have heard of are type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and ultimately diabetes. The mechanisms are very similar. The way the immune system goes wrong is similar.

And indeed, you may find families where one member has rheumatoid, somebody else has diabetes, someone else has autoimmune thyroid disease. So the processes that we are developing in the laboratory with a little bit of tweaking, if they work in rheumatoid, then we should be able to translate that into these other autoimmune diseases.

And indeed, you may find families where one member has rheumatoid, somebody else has diabetes, someone else has autoimmune thyroid disease. So the processes that we are developing in the laboratory with a little bit of tweaking, if they work in rheumatoid, then we should be able to translate that into these other autoimmune diseases.