Kevin McKernan

Those are important because they help guide the way that you cut and paste DNA together. So imagine if you're cutting and pasting a Word document, but your highlighter to highlight what sentence you want to cut can only start and end with certain letters. Those are what restrictions are. So imagine you can only cut and paste where there's a the.

So you would have to then build a paragraph knowing that the paragraphs that have sentences that start with the, we're going to cut with this enzyme. And the ones that have sentences that start with maybe – we have another enzyme with things that start with there, which is a couple more letters onto the, right? And we're going to use those enzymes to cut here.

So you would have to then build a paragraph knowing that the paragraphs that have sentences that start with the, we're going to cut with this enzyme. And the ones that have sentences that start with maybe – we have another enzyme with things that start with there, which is a couple more letters onto the, right? And we're going to use those enzymes to cut here.

So you would have to then build a paragraph knowing that the paragraphs that have sentences that start with the, we're going to cut with this enzyme. And the ones that have sentences that start with maybe – we have another enzyme with things that start with there, which is a couple more letters onto the, right? And we're going to use those enzymes to cut here.

And by doing that, we can assemble this genome. Well, they had certain restriction enzymes in that diffuse proposal that are present in coronavirus that's currently circulating. And that was kind of the smoking gun that showed that, okay, this was in fact assembled. It was a product of the diffuse proposal. Someone eventually carried out that grant application to its –

And by doing that, we can assemble this genome. Well, they had certain restriction enzymes in that diffuse proposal that are present in coronavirus that's currently circulating. And that was kind of the smoking gun that showed that, okay, this was in fact assembled. It was a product of the diffuse proposal. Someone eventually carried out that grant application to its –

And by doing that, we can assemble this genome. Well, they had certain restriction enzymes in that diffuse proposal that are present in coronavirus that's currently circulating. And that was kind of the smoking gun that showed that, okay, this was in fact assembled. It was a product of the diffuse proposal. Someone eventually carried out that grant application to its –

And that's what's actually circulating. And Rixie has the whole story on this. You want to talk to him and Alex Washburn. Alex Washburn did some really interesting work mapping out the frequencies of these cut sites in all other coronaviruses. And only in SARS-CoV-2 do they exist in a manner where they are almost perfectly spaced. They build a thing back together in six pieces.

And that's what's actually circulating. And Rixie has the whole story on this. You want to talk to him and Alex Washburn. Alex Washburn did some really interesting work mapping out the frequencies of these cut sites in all other coronaviruses. And only in SARS-CoV-2 do they exist in a manner where they are almost perfectly spaced. They build a thing back together in six pieces.

And that's what's actually circulating. And Rixie has the whole story on this. You want to talk to him and Alex Washburn. Alex Washburn did some really interesting work mapping out the frequencies of these cut sites in all other coronaviruses. And only in SARS-CoV-2 do they exist in a manner where they are almost perfectly spaced. They build a thing back together in six pieces.

So the Humpty Dumpty comes back together in sort of an engineering way only in SARS-CoV-2. If you look at where those restriction sites exist in all the other coronaviruses we know about, they're kind of randomly scattered. They don't look like someone designed them in. When you look in SARS-CoV-2, they're very perfectly spaced such that an engineer put it together.

So the Humpty Dumpty comes back together in sort of an engineering way only in SARS-CoV-2. If you look at where those restriction sites exist in all the other coronaviruses we know about, they're kind of randomly scattered. They don't look like someone designed them in. When you look in SARS-CoV-2, they're very perfectly spaced such that an engineer put it together.

So the Humpty Dumpty comes back together in sort of an engineering way only in SARS-CoV-2. If you look at where those restriction sites exist in all the other coronaviruses we know about, they're kind of randomly scattered. They don't look like someone designed them in. When you look in SARS-CoV-2, they're very perfectly spaced such that an engineer put it together.

And there's a particular set of them near the fear and cleavage site that looks like it's designed to take that fear and cleavage site in and out and mutate it and swap it around so that you can optimize this to actually hit ACE2 receptors. And What's remarkable about the zoonosis thesis is that this thing came out pre-optimized.

And there's a particular set of them near the fear and cleavage site that looks like it's designed to take that fear and cleavage site in and out and mutate it and swap it around so that you can optimize this to actually hit ACE2 receptors. And What's remarkable about the zoonosis thesis is that this thing came out pre-optimized.

And there's a particular set of them near the fear and cleavage site that looks like it's designed to take that fear and cleavage site in and out and mutate it and swap it around so that you can optimize this to actually hit ACE2 receptors. And What's remarkable about the zoonosis thesis is that this thing came out pre-optimized.

Like when we first found SARS coronavirus, the binding affinity to ACE2 was already optimized. That's not normal. Like if this were a zoonotic event, the leap would mean it was unoptimized and would take maybe five or 10 years to become more optimized in the population.

Like when we first found SARS coronavirus, the binding affinity to ACE2 was already optimized. That's not normal. Like if this were a zoonotic event, the leap would mean it was unoptimized and would take maybe five or 10 years to become more optimized in the population.

Like when we first found SARS coronavirus, the binding affinity to ACE2 was already optimized. That's not normal. Like if this were a zoonotic event, the leap would mean it was unoptimized and would take maybe five or 10 years to become more optimized in the population.

That's another signature that someone had to have a piece inside the design of this virus that they could swap in and out to put a library in there to commentarily screen for fear and cleavage sites in receptor binding domains that would effectively allow them to reach for optimization out of the gate.