Kim Ghattas

It is a siege in which, and an invasion generally, in which thousands are killed, as Anita said, Palestinians, but also Lebanese, 17,000 total.

It is where Israel starts using saturation bombings, as they call them.

You know, thousands and thousands of shells landing on Beirut in one night, 11 hours continuous, in the hope of

A capitulation.

Right.

So that pattern of trying to bomb into capitulation, which the Israelis have somehow gotten from World War Two and the capitulation of Nazi Germany and Japan and which lives on in people's memory of how you can bring a war to an end.

But this is not a state you are fighting.

You're fighting a guerrilla faction in Lebanon.

The first time that Israel engages in war with a guerrilla faction rather than a traditional army.

So this is important to note as well.

And the images on television are just, as you say, atrocious to the extent that Nancy Reagan, first lady and wife of President Ronald Reagan, who was at the White House at the time, and some of President Reagan's advisers are just appalled.

And they press Ronald Reagan to call Menachem Begin and to say enough, enough.

This has been going on now for 30, 40 days and it's enough.

And Ronald Reagan calls Begin and he says, Mr. Prime Minister, I have a Holocaust on my screen.

And that does not go down well with Begin, who is, and his family, a survivor of the Holocaust.

And he gets very, very angry.

But there is then a ceasefire declared mid-August.

And it is at the beginning of the negotiations for the PLO's exit and Yasser Arafat's exit from Lebanon.

Because Yasser Arafat, with all his shortcomings and all the fury and sympathy he elicited in Lebanon, had...

the, I would say, foresight or decency to listen to even some of his Lebanese allies who said, we can't take this anymore and we need to save Lebanon.