Kyle Harper

Right down the way, you've got people who are making the most fundamental discoveries about the nature of the universe and inventing machines that will improve productivity and ultimately economic output.

So that's what's precisely so weird and interesting about that particular period is you have this kind of mingling of the old and the new.

Yeah, I mean, it's a deep question.

And what I think we don't think enough about is, like, how—

Like how – in a really fundamental way, how hard are some problems to solve?

Like some problems are just like very, very hard to solve.

And even though the incentive is really there, you think that took a really, really long time to figure out.

Even though if you'd only known, like it would have made your life so much better.

And like –

And it also – like there's tons of trial and error, right?

So the example that comes to my mind is the invention of vaccination.

Yeah.

Which is like one of the great human achievements like of all the public health improvements.

Yeah.

is the most important one.

Public health is never perfect.

It's this like system of like six or seven really critical tools that involve clean water, personal hygiene, vaccines, antibiotics, different kinds of therapeutic interventions or rehabilitation therapy.

And we're still – we can't like fend off all the germs.

Like you have to have all of that and you can sort of like achieve this equilibrium state where you mostly have it under control.

Vaccination is like the most important one.