Kyle Harper

And it took forever to find the first vaccine.

And it took this huge period of like –

All kinds of weird trial and error like inoculation with the actual smallpox, which is very, very dangerous, not vaccination.

Vaccination uses cowpox, the lymph of an infected cow, to intentionally cause the immune reaction of humans.

Before that, people would inoculate a person with actual smallpox, which is just giving somebody smallpox.

But like you're giving somebody smallpox.

But it was absolutely in like a utilitarian way.

It was the rational thing to do.

It had these horrific death rates, right?

We would never get FDA approval.

But in a world where like 10%, 20% of kids die of smallpox, it's this horrible decision, but you'd be rational to do it.

And so that – we actually don't know where that comes from.

It may come from Africa.

It may come from China.

It spreads for like a century or more before Jenner discovers vaccination.

So like it's clearly like really hard to figure that out.

Right.

And then even after Jenner, it's like another 60 years, 70 years before Pasteur kind of systematizes it and says, hey, we could –

do this for everything, right?

So some of these discoveries and innovations, they're really, really hard to discover.