Mark Changizi

And so one desideratum, see the most, suffices to explain all the variability that we find across mammals in terms of how forward-facing eyes work.

I guess they're… Yeah, I would say they are.

I guess they're… Yeah, I would say they are.

I guess they're… Yeah, I would say they are.

Even there, even in the African plains. So even when you have animals in the same habitat, you have some animals that find microniches, for example, cats, who like to hang out in the clutter and wait for their prey. And then let's say the gazelles who don't want to be anywhere near that clutter because they can't see crap when they're inside it.

Even there, even in the African plains. So even when you have animals in the same habitat, you have some animals that find microniches, for example, cats, who like to hang out in the clutter and wait for their prey. And then let's say the gazelles who don't want to be anywhere near that clutter because they can't see crap when they're inside it.

Even there, even in the African plains. So even when you have animals in the same habitat, you have some animals that find microniches, for example, cats, who like to hang out in the clutter and wait for their prey. And then let's say the gazelles who don't want to be anywhere near that clutter because they can't see crap when they're inside it.

So they will find micro environments within even habitats that at first glance, we kind of don't think of them as very cluttery, but animals that are good at clutter will find those cluttery spots and leverage them.

So they will find micro environments within even habitats that at first glance, we kind of don't think of them as very cluttery, but animals that are good at clutter will find those cluttery spots and leverage them.

So they will find micro environments within even habitats that at first glance, we kind of don't think of them as very cluttery, but animals that are good at clutter will find those cluttery spots and leverage them.

Way before there were social animals, every animal would have had emotions, right? So these are just rough and ready. One way to think about emotions is just states that you're in that feel like something that motivates you to engage in certain kinds of behaviors, right? And they would have all been dead-eyed shark-like creatures.

Way before there were social animals, every animal would have had emotions, right? So these are just rough and ready. One way to think about emotions is just states that you're in that feel like something that motivates you to engage in certain kinds of behaviors, right? And they would have all been dead-eyed shark-like creatures.

Way before there were social animals, every animal would have had emotions, right? So these are just rough and ready. One way to think about emotions is just states that you're in that feel like something that motivates you to engage in certain kinds of behaviors, right? And they would have all been dead-eyed shark-like creatures.

They're filled with lots of emotions, filled on the inside with emotions. But they're not social animals, so they never had to signal to anybody anything, right? So what really, what Darwin was concerned about, it was like, okay, that's great. There's all these animals with all these emotions and it feels like something to be them.

They're filled with lots of emotions, filled on the inside with emotions. But they're not social animals, so they never had to signal to anybody anything, right? So what really, what Darwin was concerned about, it was like, okay, that's great. There's all these animals with all these emotions and it feels like something to be them.

They're filled with lots of emotions, filled on the inside with emotions. But they're not social animals, so they never had to signal to anybody anything, right? So what really, what Darwin was concerned about, it was like, okay, that's great. There's all these animals with all these emotions and it feels like something to be them.

And there's like all this internal stuff and there's no reason for them to tell anybody. So why are all these social animals signaling so much to one another? What's the point of it? What does this language mean? So what...

And there's like all this internal stuff and there's no reason for them to tell anybody. So why are all these social animals signaling so much to one another? What's the point of it? What does this language mean? So what...

And there's like all this internal stuff and there's no reason for them to tell anybody. So why are all these social animals signaling so much to one another? What's the point of it? What does this language mean? So what...

What we do here is just ask, if you're social animals and you don't have a language of any kind that we're so used to, you need to have, what is the optimal language stimulus signaling system such that you can carry out negotiations and compromises and you can negotiate and someone can back down or someone can raise and someone can do.