Max Pearson
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Euroopan voimakkauden pÀivÀ oli Norjan vahvistamisen pÀivÀ, joka oli yksilöllisesti yksilöitÀ vuoteen 1940. Voi mennÀ kotiin, mutta elÀminen ei ollut helppoa. Ei, se ei ollut melko helppoa. Olimme melko yksilöllisiÀ. Se oli vaikea miettiÀ taas. Olimme tehneet vaikeaa aikaa loppuun.
Timo Callahan with the story of the Shetland bus and Leif Larsen. Professor Guri Jeltnes is an author and historian who's carried out research into Norway's resistance during the Second World War, and Guri joins us now. So how dangerous was it for people like Leif who took part in the Shetland bus, but also how important was their contribution to the resistance in Norway?
The Shetland Bus is very well known and highly respected, because it was an enormous effort, you know. Those men were so courageous. I mean, traveling by boat, Norway was occupied. They took refugees, they took resistance movement, and they went over to Auckland Island, Shetland and Scotland, across the sea from Norway. And...
He menivÀt ylös heidÀn omaansa, ei organisoitunut, ja jotkut menivÀt ylöspÀin, joten se oli yllÀttÀvÀÀ. Ajattele, kuinka monta, noin 300 jÀrjestöÀ oli Englannin jÀrjestöissÀ ja noin 3300 ihmisiÀ on saavutettu. Se oli tÀrkeÀÀ. Se auttoi saavuttamaan elÀmÀÀ ja auttoi myös työskentelemÀÀn resistanssia Norjassa.
Was it also psychologically important, if you like, a morale boost to think that these people were making this huge effort to help the resistance inside Norway?
No, tietenkin se oli tÀrkeÀÀ. Norjassa oli suomalaiskÀrÀjyys, jossa oli mahdollisuus jÀrjestÀminen ja jÀrjestÀjÀt kÀvelemÀÀn suomalaiskÀrÀjyydestÀ. Ja Norjan pitkÀaikaisuus teki mahdollisuuden, ettÀ ihmiset voivat pysyÀ ja mennÀ Yhdysvalloille. Norjan oli onnistuminen olla tÀllaisessa positiivisessa, ja se auttoi natsialaisista, jotka kÀvivÀt Norjassa, ettÀ oli mahdollista mennÀ lÀpi, kun elÀmÀssÀsi oli vaikeaa.
Ja se ei ollut vain Norjan sisÀllÀ vahvistus. Norjan merkkimarina oli hyvin suuri, ja se oli tÀrkeÀ osa maahanmuuttajien ympÀristöjÀ. KyllÀ. Norjan merkkimarina oli maailman neljÀs suurimmassa maahanmuuttajana. Sitten Yhdysvalloissa, Yhdysvalloissa ja Japanissa tuli Norja, koska se oli modernisoitunut Yhdysvalloissa ja Yhdysvalloissa.
And that was 1,000 ships. And those 1,000 ships never left where they were April 40, when Norway was occupied. The German propaganda was massive. Go back to Norwegian harbors. And the captains did not. They went to Allied harbors.
So it was a fleet of 35,000 sailors on board a merchant marine and they sailed in nearly all waters in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, Pacific and actually some ships participated in the Arctic converse to Murmansk. So this is the main contribution to the island victory from Norweys side.
The Norwegian merchant seamen who were on board those vessels when Norway was occupied, they never went home. They just stayed on board those vessels working and supplying various parts of the war effort around the world continuously. Absolutely. If they were in a harbor like Liverpool and they went to a pub in the evening and the alarm came, sometimes they were invited to British homes. So there were a lifelong connection rebuilt during those wars between Norway.
A lot of sailors and also other Norwegians in exile. The Norwegian government fled to London and constituted an exile government along with the Norwegian king also in London. So it was such a close connection between Norway and UK was developed during those years.
It's quite something to think that Norwegian sailors took part in operations during the war as far away as the Far East in the fight against Japan from the Allied point of view, all the way up to being part of the success of the D-Day landings towards the end of the war. The sailors and the ships practically participated in all landing operations in Europe, from Dunkirk at the end of May 1940, Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa in the fall of 1942,
the landings in Sicily and Italy, and to the invasion of Normandy in June 1944. They sailed in the small boats, they emptied the ships, and when the water came back, the ships failed. And that was, of course, a large venture with British ships, American ships, other Allied nation ships, and small Norwegians. So it was really important. And I could add that Parliamentary Secretary to the British Ministry of Water and Foes, he said,
April 1942, Battle of the Atlantic, region tanker fleet means the same as Spitfire is meant in the Battle of Britain in 1940, and I think that could be added to this story.
Se on professori Guri Jeltnes, jÀrjestelmÀ Norjan resistanssiin toisella maailmalla. Ja pysymme toisella maailmalla seuraavaksi. 1940-luvun aikana oli erityinen myyjÀ, joka tuli suosittuun double agentin, ja jopa jÀrjestelmÀ James Bondin inspiraatioon. Dusko Popov oli hÀnen nimensÀ, ja Jane Wilkinson on ollut BBC-arkkinoissa, jossa hÀn kertoi hÀnen tarinansa.
You are honest, but without scruples. Your conscience never bothers you. You are ambitious and ruthless, and you can even be cruel. You like to hit back, but you are not in a hurry to do so. Danger is a stimulant for you, but when you're frightened, you don't panic.
TÀmÀ voi kuulostaa esityksessÀ Ian Flemmingsin fiktiivisesta 007, mutta se on itse asiassa MI6-profiilin yksi War Timesin suurimmista yhdistyksistÀ, Popov, Dusko Popov, tai kuten hÀn oli koodinaaminen, Tricycle.
Espiinaajien sotilaat eivÀt ole erittÀin etiittisiÀ. Laitoja, vahvistusta, vahvistusta, vaarallisuutta, jopa asuntoja joskus. Mutta meidÀn kaikkien unelmamme, ettÀ Hitlerin vahvistus oli niin iso, ettÀ en ole koskaan pysynyt ajattelemaan, ettÀ olen tekemÀssÀ jotain, mikÀ on imoraalia. Se on saavuttavaa elÀmÀÀ.
Meet Dusko, interviewed on the BBC in 1975. Born into a wealthy Serbian family, he was charming and sophisticated. An expert gambler, a known womanizer, who spoke several languages. And when war broke out, he was soon approached by a friend working for the Abwehr, Germany's military intelligence service.
At that time, early 1940, the Germans have been in need of a spy that could move in all strata of the British society. And my friend, he volunteered my name without asking me. He said, I have a man and I believe his character is fit to be a kind of super spy. The Germans approached me.