Nick Norwitz

So I'll be more concrete with that example. If your CAC is zero and you're 50 years old and you started a ketogenic diet, you know, six months ago, after you started a ketogenic diet, your LDL went from 70 to 500. And then you get that scan. The CAC is zero. What does that actually tell you? Well, I'll tell you what it doesn't tell you.

It doesn't actually tell you much about the impact of that super high LDL on your risk profile because there just hasn't been enough time, presumably, for it to result in any change on a coronary artery calcium scan.

It doesn't actually tell you much about the impact of that super high LDL on your risk profile because there just hasn't been enough time, presumably, for it to result in any change on a coronary artery calcium scan.

It doesn't actually tell you much about the impact of that super high LDL on your risk profile because there just hasn't been enough time, presumably, for it to result in any change on a coronary artery calcium scan.

So that will be a circumstance where I would say somebody might have a false sense of security because they're interpreting or they could be interpreting the results of their functional scam within the context of a current marker that has changed in the near term. And the functional scans will take time to change.

So that will be a circumstance where I would say somebody might have a false sense of security because they're interpreting or they could be interpreting the results of their functional scam within the context of a current marker that has changed in the near term. And the functional scans will take time to change.

So that will be a circumstance where I would say somebody might have a false sense of security because they're interpreting or they could be interpreting the results of their functional scam within the context of a current marker that has changed in the near term. And the functional scans will take time to change.

So a question I think people should ask themselves if they're looking at their lipid panel and something's changed is, you know, how high is the risk marker in question? So how high is your, say, LDL or ApoB? And how long has it been there? I'll give another example because I think examples help people. My mom, she's about to turn 60. She has had high LDL her entire life.

So a question I think people should ask themselves if they're looking at their lipid panel and something's changed is, you know, how high is the risk marker in question? So how high is your, say, LDL or ApoB? And how long has it been there? I'll give another example because I think examples help people. My mom, she's about to turn 60. She has had high LDL her entire life.

So a question I think people should ask themselves if they're looking at their lipid panel and something's changed is, you know, how high is the risk marker in question? So how high is your, say, LDL or ApoB? And how long has it been there? I'll give another example because I think examples help people. My mom, she's about to turn 60. She has had high LDL her entire life.

Generally, her LDL is run between like, you know, 160, 200 plus for the majority of her life until she went keto. And she's a lean mass hyper responder. So then her LDL jumped like 400 and has been there for several years. So her lifetime exposure to LDL is high. many thousands of milligram per deciliter years. So she was trying to decide, does she want to go on any lipid-lowering medications?

Generally, her LDL is run between like, you know, 160, 200 plus for the majority of her life until she went keto. And she's a lean mass hyper responder. So then her LDL jumped like 400 and has been there for several years. So her lifetime exposure to LDL is high. many thousands of milligram per deciliter years. So she was trying to decide, does she want to go on any lipid-lowering medications?

Generally, her LDL is run between like, you know, 160, 200 plus for the majority of her life until she went keto. And she's a lean mass hyper responder. So then her LDL jumped like 400 and has been there for several years. So her lifetime exposure to LDL is high. many thousands of milligram per deciliter years. So she was trying to decide, does she want to go on any lipid-lowering medications?

There are various drugs you can take to lower your cholesterol. What she did was get a scan of her heart, a coronary CT angiography, the one that looks not just for calcified but also non-calcified plaque, and she had zero plaque. So from that, she decided, and just for context, she's an MD-PhD. She can make her own decisions. I'm not persuading her to do anything.

There are various drugs you can take to lower your cholesterol. What she did was get a scan of her heart, a coronary CT angiography, the one that looks not just for calcified but also non-calcified plaque, and she had zero plaque. So from that, she decided, and just for context, she's an MD-PhD. She can make her own decisions. I'm not persuading her to do anything.

There are various drugs you can take to lower your cholesterol. What she did was get a scan of her heart, a coronary CT angiography, the one that looks not just for calcified but also non-calcified plaque, and she had zero plaque. So from that, she decided, and just for context, she's an MD-PhD. She can make her own decisions. I'm not persuading her to do anything.

She decided she wasn't going to take lipid-lowering medication. And to me, that's a sensible choice for her because she knows she's had a lot of exposure and that there's no measurable plaque. It would be different if, say, she had really low LDL her whole life, say she was 40, and then she changed her diet, and then her LDL went to 400. Then the calculus changes, right?

She decided she wasn't going to take lipid-lowering medication. And to me, that's a sensible choice for her because she knows she's had a lot of exposure and that there's no measurable plaque. It would be different if, say, she had really low LDL her whole life, say she was 40, and then she changed her diet, and then her LDL went to 400. Then the calculus changes, right?

She decided she wasn't going to take lipid-lowering medication. And to me, that's a sensible choice for her because she knows she's had a lot of exposure and that there's no measurable plaque. It would be different if, say, she had really low LDL her whole life, say she was 40, and then she changed her diet, and then her LDL went to 400. Then the calculus changes, right?

If you know, for the reasons I kind of just explained, does that make sense? So how high for how long you need to interpret the functional test score, the calcium score, or the coronary CT and geography score in the context of your prior exposure and whether anything has changed.