Paddy O’Connell

Many other communities also face discrimination and hatred in many other ways.

But the political discussion has burst into life around the specifics of anti-Semitism in the United Kingdom because of this particular attack just a couple of days ago.

That's right, the Heaton Park synagogue attack back in the autumn, which by chance was happening just as the Conservatives were starting their party conference then.

People were actually killed in that attack at Heaton Park.

Since then, there's been a whole pattern of attacks.

There was an arson attack recently on ambulances, also in North London, also in Golders Green.

There was a firebomb attempted on a synagogue in Kenton, also in North London.

And also, if you don't know London, if you've never been to Golders Green, somewhere like Golders Green or Stamford Hill, you go there and it's very clear that you're in a Jewish community.

People of all sorts of other faiths live there, but it's very clear, just as it is actually around Heaton Park Synagogue in Manchester, that you're in a Jewish community with lots of Orthodox families in the Jewish traditional dress going about their business.

So these are communities that are very well known and very easily identifiable as places that Jewish families have made their home for decades and decades.

And it's the oldest form of racism in the world.

It's sometimes known as that, anti-Semitism, that has been given a grim new life by the realities of conflict in the Middle East.

And one of the reasons because of this spike in anti-Semitism, the BBC has been looking at it very carefully.

So let's bring in Judith, who's made a panorama, a whole documentary about what's happened to the Jewish community, which went out and was put together publicly.

before this latest attack.

So Judith, thank you so much indeed for joining us this afternoon.

Now, you have been talking to Jewish people about this and the rise in anti-Semitism over many months.

If people haven't seen your panorama, they should definitely go to the iPlayer and watch it.

But what is at the front of your mind, having spent really some time delving into this issue?

And I remember being in the Heaton Park area after that attack, something we talked about, actually, didn't we, Paddy, at that time?