Paul Saladino

Yeah. So that's just the crazy standard that we find ourselves in. But it's important to understand that, yeah, like diabetes, maybe formally diagnosed 11%. the number of people going to become diabetic, much, much higher. Because if 70% of Americans are obese and overweight, and those are two different categories of BMI, body mass index, I would argue that

Almost everyone, if not every single person who is obese or overweight has some degree of insulin resistance. And this is metabolic dysfunction. And at a cellular level, this means that you can't take the food you eat and convert it into usable energy in your human body. That happens through your mitochondria. So mitochondria are these little cellular organelles that are in...

Almost everyone, if not every single person who is obese or overweight has some degree of insulin resistance. And this is metabolic dysfunction. And at a cellular level, this means that you can't take the food you eat and convert it into usable energy in your human body. That happens through your mitochondria. So mitochondria are these little cellular organelles that are in...

Almost everyone, if not every single person who is obese or overweight has some degree of insulin resistance. And this is metabolic dysfunction. And at a cellular level, this means that you can't take the food you eat and convert it into usable energy in your human body. That happens through your mitochondria. So mitochondria are these little cellular organelles that are in...

almost every cell of our body. Red blood cells don't have mitochondria, but everything else has mitochondria. And so this is where the energy gets made for everything we do in our life. Human life runs because of the movement of electrons. And the food that we're eating is electrons, essentially.

almost every cell of our body. Red blood cells don't have mitochondria, but everything else has mitochondria. And so this is where the energy gets made for everything we do in our life. Human life runs because of the movement of electrons. And the food that we're eating is electrons, essentially.

almost every cell of our body. Red blood cells don't have mitochondria, but everything else has mitochondria. And so this is where the energy gets made for everything we do in our life. Human life runs because of the movement of electrons. And the food that we're eating is electrons, essentially.

And those electrons are passed onto intermediates, which move the electrons into the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. So that's very, very microscopic. And this is, you know, when you eat, let's say you eat an apple or you eat a steak, That steak is giving you nutrients. It's giving you vitamins and minerals. You're getting protein. You're getting amino acids.

And those electrons are passed onto intermediates, which move the electrons into the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. So that's very, very microscopic. And this is, you know, when you eat, let's say you eat an apple or you eat a steak, That steak is giving you nutrients. It's giving you vitamins and minerals. You're getting protein. You're getting amino acids.

And those electrons are passed onto intermediates, which move the electrons into the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. So that's very, very microscopic. And this is, you know, when you eat, let's say you eat an apple or you eat a steak, That steak is giving you nutrients. It's giving you vitamins and minerals. You're getting protein. You're getting amino acids.

And in a steak, you're getting mostly protein, which doesn't end up as an energy substrate, but there's fat in the steak. So fat is broken down to create these energy substrates. And if you eat an apple, you're getting glucose and fructose and sucrose. If you eat a potato, you're getting long chain polymers of glucose, like starches. And that is energy to your body.

And in a steak, you're getting mostly protein, which doesn't end up as an energy substrate, but there's fat in the steak. So fat is broken down to create these energy substrates. And if you eat an apple, you're getting glucose and fructose and sucrose. If you eat a potato, you're getting long chain polymers of glucose, like starches. And that is energy to your body.

And in a steak, you're getting mostly protein, which doesn't end up as an energy substrate, but there's fat in the steak. So fat is broken down to create these energy substrates. And if you eat an apple, you're getting glucose and fructose and sucrose. If you eat a potato, you're getting long chain polymers of glucose, like starches. And that is energy to your body.

And the way that happens is that gets broken down into... little smaller fragments, and those fragments donate electrons to molecules like NADH and FADH2, which move those electrons to this electron transport chain. And that electron transport chain in your mitochondria is where everything happens. Because as the electrons move down the chain, you create a potential.

And the way that happens is that gets broken down into... little smaller fragments, and those fragments donate electrons to molecules like NADH and FADH2, which move those electrons to this electron transport chain. And that electron transport chain in your mitochondria is where everything happens. Because as the electrons move down the chain, you create a potential.

And the way that happens is that gets broken down into... little smaller fragments, and those fragments donate electrons to molecules like NADH and FADH2, which move those electrons to this electron transport chain. And that electron transport chain in your mitochondria is where everything happens. Because as the electrons move down the chain, you create a potential.

And hydrogen, so protons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane. I know we're very microscopic now. I'll zoom out in a second. Protons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane. And then at the end of the mitochondrial membrane, they move down a concentration gradient through this little nanomotor that makes ATP. And ATP runs everything in your body.

And hydrogen, so protons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane. I know we're very microscopic now. I'll zoom out in a second. Protons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane. And then at the end of the mitochondrial membrane, they move down a concentration gradient through this little nanomotor that makes ATP. And ATP runs everything in your body.

And hydrogen, so protons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane. I know we're very microscopic now. I'll zoom out in a second. Protons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane. And then at the end of the mitochondrial membrane, they move down a concentration gradient through this little nanomotor that makes ATP. And ATP runs everything in your body.

That's the energy currency of your body. That is the sort of dollars and cents of your body that your body spends on creating energy hormones, proteins, cellular membrane, repairing things, making DNA. You need energy to live. But that process of energy creation is impaired by the foods we eat. And that is what insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction look like at a molecular level.