Professor Danielle Schreve

Yes, I think just as we seem to be climbing out of the last ice age, we have a sudden reversal of conditions and a huge climatic deterioration. This is a period known as the Younger Dryas. It starts about 12,900 years ago and it finishes about 11,700 years ago. Pretty precise dates as well for Paleolithic times too. Pretty precise dates.

Yes, I think just as we seem to be climbing out of the last ice age, we have a sudden reversal of conditions and a huge climatic deterioration. This is a period known as the Younger Dryas. It starts about 12,900 years ago and it finishes about 11,700 years ago. Pretty precise dates as well for Paleolithic times too. Pretty precise dates.

And again, we can get that chronology from the Greenland ice core, but also, of course, with the benefit of radiocarbon dating as well. So, we know quite a lot about this time period in terms of the effects on land of this sudden deterioration in climate. And Broadly speaking, that's caused by a mixture of factors.

And again, we can get that chronology from the Greenland ice core, but also, of course, with the benefit of radiocarbon dating as well. So, we know quite a lot about this time period in terms of the effects on land of this sudden deterioration in climate. And Broadly speaking, that's caused by a mixture of factors.

And again, we can get that chronology from the Greenland ice core, but also, of course, with the benefit of radiocarbon dating as well. So, we know quite a lot about this time period in terms of the effects on land of this sudden deterioration in climate. And Broadly speaking, that's caused by a mixture of factors.

So there is some evidence, for example, from Germany, from the Eifel region, that there is a period of intense volcanism, so volcanic activity that precipitates a cooling in climate. But also there are other things going on at this time.

So there is some evidence, for example, from Germany, from the Eifel region, that there is a period of intense volcanism, so volcanic activity that precipitates a cooling in climate. But also there are other things going on at this time.

So there is some evidence, for example, from Germany, from the Eifel region, that there is a period of intense volcanism, so volcanic activity that precipitates a cooling in climate. But also there are other things going on at this time.

So particularly in North America, you've got the decay of the big ice sheets, the Laurentide ice sheet, and pulses of very cold meltwater that are entering the North Atlantic. What they do is to disrupt the ocean circulation, and Britain is plunged back into the freezer once more.

So particularly in North America, you've got the decay of the big ice sheets, the Laurentide ice sheet, and pulses of very cold meltwater that are entering the North Atlantic. What they do is to disrupt the ocean circulation, and Britain is plunged back into the freezer once more.

So particularly in North America, you've got the decay of the big ice sheets, the Laurentide ice sheet, and pulses of very cold meltwater that are entering the North Atlantic. What they do is to disrupt the ocean circulation, and Britain is plunged back into the freezer once more.

Again, this would have been an abrupt reversal of fortune for a lot of the more temperate adapted species. Certainly, in the caves that we've been digging in Ebba Gorge, we can find, for example, evidence of reindeer. There's also evidence of arctic fox in there. There's several individuals, including a complete specimen that was curled up in a little niche at the back of the site.

Again, this would have been an abrupt reversal of fortune for a lot of the more temperate adapted species. Certainly, in the caves that we've been digging in Ebba Gorge, we can find, for example, evidence of reindeer. There's also evidence of arctic fox in there. There's several individuals, including a complete specimen that was curled up in a little niche at the back of the site.

Again, this would have been an abrupt reversal of fortune for a lot of the more temperate adapted species. Certainly, in the caves that we've been digging in Ebba Gorge, we can find, for example, evidence of reindeer. There's also evidence of arctic fox in there. There's several individuals, including a complete specimen that was curled up in a little niche at the back of the site.

So beautifully preserved. There's lots of crunched up bone in there as well. So you can imagine the arctic foxes running in and out of the cave. They are predating small mammals. So we get a variety of small mammal species that are present, but also things like birds as well. So species that we would find in the northern part of Britain today. So things like ptarmigan,

So beautifully preserved. There's lots of crunched up bone in there as well. So you can imagine the arctic foxes running in and out of the cave. They are predating small mammals. So we get a variety of small mammal species that are present, but also things like birds as well. So species that we would find in the northern part of Britain today. So things like ptarmigan,

So beautifully preserved. There's lots of crunched up bone in there as well. So you can imagine the arctic foxes running in and out of the cave. They are predating small mammals. So we get a variety of small mammal species that are present, but also things like birds as well. So species that we would find in the northern part of Britain today. So things like ptarmigan,

Again, those small species are on the move very rapidly. Within the cave site, we have remains of three species of lemming that today are not sympatric, by which I mean they don't live together today. So we have remains of Norway lemming, which come from Scandinavia. We have remains of collared lemming that today have a sort of circumpolar distribution in the Northern Hemisphere.

Again, those small species are on the move very rapidly. Within the cave site, we have remains of three species of lemming that today are not sympatric, by which I mean they don't live together today. So we have remains of Norway lemming, which come from Scandinavia. We have remains of collared lemming that today have a sort of circumpolar distribution in the Northern Hemisphere.

Again, those small species are on the move very rapidly. Within the cave site, we have remains of three species of lemming that today are not sympatric, by which I mean they don't live together today. So we have remains of Norway lemming, which come from Scandinavia. We have remains of collared lemming that today have a sort of circumpolar distribution in the Northern Hemisphere.