Professor Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones

I will quickly clarify what I mean by that, because I don't want anybody to get the wrong idea. These are animals that are constantly shedding DNA, whether through poo or urinating on the landscape. And that becomes a really interesting source of information about where these animals were, when these animals were, and when they went extinct.

I will quickly clarify what I mean by that, because I don't want anybody to get the wrong idea. These are animals that are constantly shedding DNA, whether through poo or urinating on the landscape. And that becomes a really interesting source of information about where these animals were, when these animals were, and when they went extinct.

So it's important to recognize, and by the way, I should just add too, it ain't just bones. We have freeze-dried mammoth carcasses. Oh, wow. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. These things started to get dug up and discovered in the, I think, late 1800s in Siberia. Because what would happen is that these animals would, on occasion, fall into a pond. The pond would freeze.

So it's important to recognize, and by the way, I should just add too, it ain't just bones. We have freeze-dried mammoth carcasses. Oh, wow. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. These things started to get dug up and discovered in the, I think, late 1800s in Siberia. Because what would happen is that these animals would, on occasion, fall into a pond. The pond would freeze.

So it's important to recognize, and by the way, I should just add too, it ain't just bones. We have freeze-dried mammoth carcasses. Oh, wow. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. These things started to get dug up and discovered in the, I think, late 1800s in Siberia. Because what would happen is that these animals would, on occasion, fall into a pond. The pond would freeze.

The area would become glaciated, frozen, permafrost, tundra. And when they would melt out 30,000 years later, you would have a perfectly preserved mammoth. And evidently, the story I heard from a one-time...

The area would become glaciated, frozen, permafrost, tundra. And when they would melt out 30,000 years later, you would have a perfectly preserved mammoth. And evidently, the story I heard from a one-time...

The area would become glaciated, frozen, permafrost, tundra. And when they would melt out 30,000 years later, you would have a perfectly preserved mammoth. And evidently, the story I heard from a one-time...

Professor of mine, Dave Hopkins, the sort of giant of Beringian studies, said that Siberian fur trappers would feed mammoth meat to their dogs just because it was a handy source of protein for their animals. Would I want a mammoth steak that had been sort of freeze-dried for 30,000 years? I'd try it. Whether I like it is a different issue.

Professor of mine, Dave Hopkins, the sort of giant of Beringian studies, said that Siberian fur trappers would feed mammoth meat to their dogs just because it was a handy source of protein for their animals. Would I want a mammoth steak that had been sort of freeze-dried for 30,000 years? I'd try it. Whether I like it is a different issue.

Professor of mine, Dave Hopkins, the sort of giant of Beringian studies, said that Siberian fur trappers would feed mammoth meat to their dogs just because it was a handy source of protein for their animals. Would I want a mammoth steak that had been sort of freeze-dried for 30,000 years? I'd try it. Whether I like it is a different issue.

So we have this really remarkable record of these animals, and the DNA part is especially important. Because all of that stuff that they're shedding on the landscape, as I mentioned, does really give us a good sense of populations, their population dynamics, the tailing off of their numbers over time. It essentially gives us a window into their extinction.

So we have this really remarkable record of these animals, and the DNA part is especially important. Because all of that stuff that they're shedding on the landscape, as I mentioned, does really give us a good sense of populations, their population dynamics, the tailing off of their numbers over time. It essentially gives us a window into their extinction.

So we have this really remarkable record of these animals, and the DNA part is especially important. Because all of that stuff that they're shedding on the landscape, as I mentioned, does really give us a good sense of populations, their population dynamics, the tailing off of their numbers over time. It essentially gives us a window into their extinction.

maybe not the richest, but certainly an area that was occupied by mammoth. You know, you have mammoth across pretty much a large chunk of North America, Eurasian real estate, and Beringia was simply one part of it.

maybe not the richest, but certainly an area that was occupied by mammoth. You know, you have mammoth across pretty much a large chunk of North America, Eurasian real estate, and Beringia was simply one part of it.

maybe not the richest, but certainly an area that was occupied by mammoth. You know, you have mammoth across pretty much a large chunk of North America, Eurasian real estate, and Beringia was simply one part of it.

We think of the land bridge as a sort of separate entity, but in reality, it was a continuous element of the so-called Beringian mammoth steppe, this vast grassland that stretched from essentially western Alaska to, well, basically across most of northern Eurasia. They call it the mammoth steppe, do they? Exactly right, because it was the most prominent animal in the landscape.

We think of the land bridge as a sort of separate entity, but in reality, it was a continuous element of the so-called Beringian mammoth steppe, this vast grassland that stretched from essentially western Alaska to, well, basically across most of northern Eurasia. They call it the mammoth steppe, do they? Exactly right, because it was the most prominent animal in the landscape.

We think of the land bridge as a sort of separate entity, but in reality, it was a continuous element of the so-called Beringian mammoth steppe, this vast grassland that stretched from essentially western Alaska to, well, basically across most of northern Eurasia. They call it the mammoth steppe, do they? Exactly right, because it was the most prominent animal in the landscape.