Professor Luke O'Neill

And maybe we'll go from a 20% response to a 40% response.

You never know.

Very exciting part of research.

Now, the last thing to mention on this, which I'll spend a little bit of time on because it's interesting, and it gets a bit nasty.

Get ready.

You're going to go, oh, that sounds terrible.

Fecal transplant, right?

Now, what this is, is can you take the stool, we'll call it that, from someone and then make a drink out of it and give it to someone else?

Now, the Chinese have been doing this for hundreds of years, it turns out.

It's called a fecal microbiota transplant or FMT.

And that fecal microbiota will have the right composition to help you respond to certain things.

Now, what are they doing here?

This sounds most unusual.

They're finding people with cancer who do respond to these immunotherapy approaches, right?

And then they figure out the certain bacteria in that person's gut that's increasing their responsiveness.

And they're making a tablet out of that fecal material from that person who's responsive, giving it to someone else, and then testing the immunotherapy.

In other words, you're identifying responders and they're responding partly because of the right bugs in their gut and you're transferring those bugs to someone else to increase their responsiveness.

Doesn't that sound rather peculiar?

But as I say, this big thing in nature medicine that just came out, three papers back to back.

There were two papers on kidney cancer and one on lung.