Professor Nicole Hemmer

And so there are these tensions even within the United States over whether to bring in and welcome in people from other countries. Yeah.

And so there are these tensions even within the United States over whether to bring in and welcome in people from other countries. Yeah.

And so there are these tensions even within the United States over whether to bring in and welcome in people from other countries. Yeah.

Yeah, before you tighten the border, people can migrate more circularly. Like they can come and work in the United States, then go back home to Mexico. If you don't have a militarized border, that's a lot easier to do, to go back and forth. It's once you close down the border that people stay permanent.

Yeah, before you tighten the border, people can migrate more circularly. Like they can come and work in the United States, then go back home to Mexico. If you don't have a militarized border, that's a lot easier to do, to go back and forth. It's once you close down the border that people stay permanent.

Yeah, before you tighten the border, people can migrate more circularly. Like they can come and work in the United States, then go back home to Mexico. If you don't have a militarized border, that's a lot easier to do, to go back and forth. It's once you close down the border that people stay permanent.

Das Brastero-Programm ist wirklich interessant. Es begann während der Zweiten Weltkrieg, als die Vereinigten Staaten in Europa und im Pazifik kämpften. Und viele der Männer in den Vereinigten Staaten waren weg vom Krieg. Und wir brauchten noch mehr. People to grow our food. We still needed people to keep the factories running.

Das Brastero-Programm ist wirklich interessant. Es begann während der Zweiten Weltkrieg, als die Vereinigten Staaten in Europa und im Pazifik kämpften. Und viele der Männer in den Vereinigten Staaten waren weg vom Krieg. Und wir brauchten noch mehr. People to grow our food. We still needed people to keep the factories running.

Das Brastero-Programm ist wirklich interessant. Es begann während der Zweiten Weltkrieg, als die Vereinigten Staaten in Europa und im Pazifik kämpften. Und viele der Männer in den Vereinigten Staaten waren weg vom Krieg. Und wir brauchten noch mehr. People to grow our food. We still needed people to keep the factories running.

Famously, women stepped in in a lot of these roles, but also Mexicans did. And so the Bracero Program, it was a series of agreements between the US and Mexican governments and between specific employers in the United States.

Famously, women stepped in in a lot of these roles, but also Mexicans did. And so the Bracero Program, it was a series of agreements between the US and Mexican governments and between specific employers in the United States.

Famously, women stepped in in a lot of these roles, but also Mexicans did. And so the Bracero Program, it was a series of agreements between the US and Mexican governments and between specific employers in the United States.

to bring in Mexican nationals to work in the United States officially, under official contracts, so to do it legally and to bring them to work in the fields and the factories and keep the country going. And so it started during World War II, but it lasted until the mid-1960s.

to bring in Mexican nationals to work in the United States officially, under official contracts, so to do it legally and to bring them to work in the fields and the factories and keep the country going. And so it started during World War II, but it lasted until the mid-1960s.

to bring in Mexican nationals to work in the United States officially, under official contracts, so to do it legally and to bring them to work in the fields and the factories and keep the country going. And so it started during World War II, but it lasted until the mid-1960s.

And it was this funnel of labor, but it was interesting because it was official and it was promoted and encouraged by both governments.

And it was this funnel of labor, but it was interesting because it was official and it was promoted and encouraged by both governments.

And it was this funnel of labor, but it was interesting because it was official and it was promoted and encouraged by both governments.

Yes, exactly. And so you have this official sanctioned government program, the Bracero program, but you also have people working unofficially, not through these legal channels. And you have both things happening at the same time. And so you get a lot of pushback from people in the United States. You know, the same old thing is always right. The Mexicans are taking our jobs.

Yes, exactly. And so you have this official sanctioned government program, the Bracero program, but you also have people working unofficially, not through these legal channels. And you have both things happening at the same time. And so you get a lot of pushback from people in the United States. You know, the same old thing is always right. The Mexicans are taking our jobs.