Professor Nicole Hemmer

Yes, exactly. And so you have this official sanctioned government program, the Bracero program, but you also have people working unofficially, not through these legal channels. And you have both things happening at the same time. And so you get a lot of pushback from people in the United States. You know, the same old thing is always right. The Mexicans are taking our jobs.

And eventually the United States government says, okay, we're going to deport the people who are here illegally.

And eventually the United States government says, okay, we're going to deport the people who are here illegally.

And eventually the United States government says, okay, we're going to deport the people who are here illegally.

By hiring them and recruiting, yeah. But also exploiting.

By hiring them and recruiting, yeah. But also exploiting.

By hiring them and recruiting, yeah. But also exploiting.

Yeah, we don't really start clamping down on border crossings and trying to stop people from crossing the border until under Reagan, really the mid 1980s with the immigration with Erica.

Yeah, we don't really start clamping down on border crossings and trying to stop people from crossing the border until under Reagan, really the mid 1980s with the immigration with Erica.

Yeah, we don't really start clamping down on border crossings and trying to stop people from crossing the border until under Reagan, really the mid 1980s with the immigration with Erica.

Yeah, they frame it as a problem, even though, like you said, there had always been this push and pull factor. There had always been... People recruiting Mexican labor within the United States. So there had always been this desire to get Mexican labor here. But now you're framing it more as an invasion. They describe it as an invasion.

Yeah, they frame it as a problem, even though, like you said, there had always been this push and pull factor. There had always been... People recruiting Mexican labor within the United States. So there had always been this desire to get Mexican labor here. But now you're framing it more as an invasion. They describe it as an invasion.

Yeah, they frame it as a problem, even though, like you said, there had always been this push and pull factor. There had always been... People recruiting Mexican labor within the United States. So there had always been this desire to get Mexican labor here. But now you're framing it more as an invasion. They describe it as an invasion.

And this idea that they are taking over the United States, that they're going to change our culture somehow. And so it definitely becomes more inflamed in the 1980s and 1990s.

And this idea that they are taking over the United States, that they're going to change our culture somehow. And so it definitely becomes more inflamed in the 1980s and 1990s.

And this idea that they are taking over the United States, that they're going to change our culture somehow. And so it definitely becomes more inflamed in the 1980s and 1990s.

Yeah, so instead of people going back and forth for work, instead of it being more of a labor issue, it does become this question of what do we do with Millions of people who are staying instead of going back and forth. Because, like you said, it's no longer very easy to get into the United States.

Yeah, so instead of people going back and forth for work, instead of it being more of a labor issue, it does become this question of what do we do with Millions of people who are staying instead of going back and forth. Because, like you said, it's no longer very easy to get into the United States.

Yeah, so instead of people going back and forth for work, instead of it being more of a labor issue, it does become this question of what do we do with Millions of people who are staying instead of going back and forth. Because, like you said, it's no longer very easy to get into the United States.

So once you get in and people pay thousands of dollars to get into the United States, to get smuggled in, they risk their lives crossing Mexico, crossing the border. And so they're not going to go through that again. Once they get in the United States, they're going to stay. And they'll send money back to Mexico, certainly. But they're not going to go back and forth anymore.