Professor Peter Heather

But the alternative point of view is that a lot of sub-Romano Brits, as it were, buy into Anglo-Saxon culture. So they look like Anglo-Saxons, but they are actually natives. You don't take away the importance of migration if you do that, but you do reduce the numbers. The DNA will eventually address that point. So far, I think we've got one cemetery, but it's very interesting.

But the alternative point of view is that a lot of sub-Romano Brits, as it were, buy into Anglo-Saxon culture. So they look like Anglo-Saxons, but they are actually natives. You don't take away the importance of migration if you do that, but you do reduce the numbers. The DNA will eventually address that point. So far, I think we've got one cemetery, but it's very interesting.

But the alternative point of view is that a lot of sub-Romano Brits, as it were, buy into Anglo-Saxon culture. So they look like Anglo-Saxons, but they are actually natives. You don't take away the importance of migration if you do that, but you do reduce the numbers. The DNA will eventually address that point. So far, I think we've got one cemetery, but it's very interesting.

It's from Buckland, which is a suburban parish in Dover, and you've got a cemetery there and the DNA. It's something like 100 burials. Sorry, I can't remember the exact number off the top of my head. You get the DNA from the small bones inside the ear. That's where it's preserved best.

It's from Buckland, which is a suburban parish in Dover, and you've got a cemetery there and the DNA. It's something like 100 burials. Sorry, I can't remember the exact number off the top of my head. You get the DNA from the small bones inside the ear. That's where it's preserved best.

It's from Buckland, which is a suburban parish in Dover, and you've got a cemetery there and the DNA. It's something like 100 burials. Sorry, I can't remember the exact number off the top of my head. You get the DNA from the small bones inside the ear. That's where it's preserved best.

And when I first started being interested in this, the DNA people were saying, no, you won't get any DNA out of bones in North European conditions. It's too wet and it's too cold. Well, actually, you can. So it's really interesting. We didn't think we were going to have this data set. But anyway, the Buckland Cemetery.

And when I first started being interested in this, the DNA people were saying, no, you won't get any DNA out of bones in North European conditions. It's too wet and it's too cold. Well, actually, you can. So it's really interesting. We didn't think we were going to have this data set. But anyway, the Buckland Cemetery.

And when I first started being interested in this, the DNA people were saying, no, you won't get any DNA out of bones in North European conditions. It's too wet and it's too cold. Well, actually, you can. So it's really interesting. We didn't think we were going to have this data set. But anyway, the Buckland Cemetery.

And they're people buried with all the Anglo-Saxon gear of jewelry and weapons and all the rest of it. Most of the people you can trace familial relations, they're buried close together through the DNA, very precise ones. But it looks like they are mostly descended from immigrants who've arrived from northern continental Europe, i.e. Saxon areas, recently.

And they're people buried with all the Anglo-Saxon gear of jewelry and weapons and all the rest of it. Most of the people you can trace familial relations, they're buried close together through the DNA, very precise ones. But it looks like they are mostly descended from immigrants who've arrived from northern continental Europe, i.e. Saxon areas, recently.

And they're people buried with all the Anglo-Saxon gear of jewelry and weapons and all the rest of it. Most of the people you can trace familial relations, they're buried close together through the DNA, very precise ones. But it looks like they are mostly descended from immigrants who've arrived from northern continental Europe, i.e. Saxon areas, recently.

There is one family which has entirely local Roman British DNA, looks exactly the same. I mean, that's one cemetery. There are hundreds of cemeteries. My gut instinct is that that's probably going to be about right. In other words, that a small number of the old Roman British elite make it into the new Anglo-Saxon elite, but most of it is actually immigrant.

There is one family which has entirely local Roman British DNA, looks exactly the same. I mean, that's one cemetery. There are hundreds of cemeteries. My gut instinct is that that's probably going to be about right. In other words, that a small number of the old Roman British elite make it into the new Anglo-Saxon elite, but most of it is actually immigrant.

There is one family which has entirely local Roman British DNA, looks exactly the same. I mean, that's one cemetery. There are hundreds of cemeteries. My gut instinct is that that's probably going to be about right. In other words, that a small number of the old Roman British elite make it into the new Anglo-Saxon elite, but most of it is actually immigrant.

That's exactly the pattern from the Norman Conquest, for instance. where I think by Doomsday Book there are two Saxon landowners left.

That's exactly the pattern from the Norman Conquest, for instance. where I think by Doomsday Book there are two Saxon landowners left.

That's exactly the pattern from the Norman Conquest, for instance. where I think by Doomsday Book there are two Saxon landowners left.

Yes, these are the Angles traditionally associated with Anghelm. The Anglian kingdoms of England, the people who call themselves Angles, are East Angles, of course, probably the Northumbrian, two separate kingdoms, Monisha, Deira, to start with, Middle Angles. Their royal genealogies trace their name from Woden, interestingly. That's very striking.

Yes, these are the Angles traditionally associated with Anghelm. The Anglian kingdoms of England, the people who call themselves Angles, are East Angles, of course, probably the Northumbrian, two separate kingdoms, Monisha, Deira, to start with, Middle Angles. Their royal genealogies trace their name from Woden, interestingly. That's very striking.