Professor Peter Heather

Yes, these are the Angles traditionally associated with Anghelm. The Anglian kingdoms of England, the people who call themselves Angles, are East Angles, of course, probably the Northumbrian, two separate kingdoms, Monisha, Deira, to start with, Middle Angles. Their royal genealogies trace their name from Woden, interestingly. That's very striking.

I think that that's entirely likely, and that's kind of the model that I have in my head. I think there are some crunch moments. So the Continental Roman Chronicles in the 5th century tell us that the manure hits the air conditioning in Britain in about 440. And it seems to me that might be Gildas's mercenary revolt. moment, there or thereabouts.

I think that that's entirely likely, and that's kind of the model that I have in my head. I think there are some crunch moments. So the Continental Roman Chronicles in the 5th century tell us that the manure hits the air conditioning in Britain in about 440. And it seems to me that might be Gildas's mercenary revolt. moment, there or thereabouts.

I think that that's entirely likely, and that's kind of the model that I have in my head. I think there are some crunch moments. So the Continental Roman Chronicles in the 5th century tell us that the manure hits the air conditioning in Britain in about 440. And it seems to me that might be Gildas's mercenary revolt. moment, there or thereabouts.

So there's a Saxon mercenary of revolt in Gildas' account. Yes. And they encourage other people to come over. They get fed up with just receiving the interest on the real estate through tax payments and decide they'd like to control the real estate for themselves.

So there's a Saxon mercenary of revolt in Gildas' account. Yes. And they encourage other people to come over. They get fed up with just receiving the interest on the real estate through tax payments and decide they'd like to control the real estate for themselves.

So there's a Saxon mercenary of revolt in Gildas' account. Yes. And they encourage other people to come over. They get fed up with just receiving the interest on the real estate through tax payments and decide they'd like to control the real estate for themselves.

But Gildas' story is not one of final defeat, because in Gildas, you have this kind of potential Arthur figure, Aurelius Ambrosius, who leads a British counterattack. And he's successful. He wins this victory at Mount Baden, wherever the hell that is. Ambrosius is already on this. Yes, absolutely. Where the hell is that? People would give their eye teeth and that.

But Gildas' story is not one of final defeat, because in Gildas, you have this kind of potential Arthur figure, Aurelius Ambrosius, who leads a British counterattack. And he's successful. He wins this victory at Mount Baden, wherever the hell that is. Ambrosius is already on this. Yes, absolutely. Where the hell is that? People would give their eye teeth and that.

But Gildas' story is not one of final defeat, because in Gildas, you have this kind of potential Arthur figure, Aurelius Ambrosius, who leads a British counterattack. And he's successful. He wins this victory at Mount Baden, wherever the hell that is. Ambrosius is already on this. Yes, absolutely. Where the hell is that? People would give their eye teeth and that.

But anyway, it doesn't say that the Saxons are wiped out, but it's certainly suggesting that Saxon intrusion is contained. And if you run the chronology and think that 440 is the mercenary revolt, that's around 500 would have to be certainly there or thereabouts.

But anyway, it doesn't say that the Saxons are wiped out, but it's certainly suggesting that Saxon intrusion is contained. And if you run the chronology and think that 440 is the mercenary revolt, that's around 500 would have to be certainly there or thereabouts.

But anyway, it doesn't say that the Saxons are wiped out, but it's certainly suggesting that Saxon intrusion is contained. And if you run the chronology and think that 440 is the mercenary revolt, that's around 500 would have to be certainly there or thereabouts.

yet swing forward 100 years to when Bede starts up, and Anglo-Saxons have taken over all of northern England, everywhere to the Welsh border, and are right on the fringes of Devon. I mean, they've got Somerset. So another big moment of expansion has happened between the victory that Gildas records circa 500 by the Brits and the situation that we have very well documented for us by Bede.

yet swing forward 100 years to when Bede starts up, and Anglo-Saxons have taken over all of northern England, everywhere to the Welsh border, and are right on the fringes of Devon. I mean, they've got Somerset. So another big moment of expansion has happened between the victory that Gildas records circa 500 by the Brits and the situation that we have very well documented for us by Bede.

yet swing forward 100 years to when Bede starts up, and Anglo-Saxons have taken over all of northern England, everywhere to the Welsh border, and are right on the fringes of Devon. I mean, they've got Somerset. So another big moment of expansion has happened between the victory that Gildas records circa 500 by the Brits and the situation that we have very well documented for us by Bede.

So the Saxons keep coming back. I think they do. Yes. And the conditions on the other side of the North Sea, I mean, there is marine intrusion that's been documented. There might be negative push factors as well. But I certainly think that a flow of increasing momentum is extremely likely. And it will be small groups. I mean, the Sutton Hoo ship didn't have a mast, doesn't have sails.

So the Saxons keep coming back. I think they do. Yes. And the conditions on the other side of the North Sea, I mean, there is marine intrusion that's been documented. There might be negative push factors as well. But I certainly think that a flow of increasing momentum is extremely likely. And it will be small groups. I mean, the Sutton Hoo ship didn't have a mast, doesn't have sails.

So the Saxons keep coming back. I think they do. Yes. And the conditions on the other side of the North Sea, I mean, there is marine intrusion that's been documented. There might be negative push factors as well. But I certainly think that a flow of increasing momentum is extremely likely. And it will be small groups. I mean, the Sutton Hoo ship didn't have a mast, doesn't have sails.

It's a rowing boat. There's no sign of sails amongst being used by these populations until the Viking period in the 8th and 9th centuries. So they are rowing. Bigger rowing boats, small rowing boats, but they are rowing. It's not impossible that they could have hired ships with sails from the sort of more Roman parts. And I wouldn't put that out.