Professor Peter Heather

You want them to be what they are. But what's different about 376 onwards is the lack of Roman control on the one hand, and that partly reflects the other big difference, which is the size and degree of autonomy that the intrusive groups retain.

You want them to be what they are. But what's different about 376 onwards is the lack of Roman control on the one hand, and that partly reflects the other big difference, which is the size and degree of autonomy that the intrusive groups retain.

It is. And it's not just one Gothic group. It's two large Gothic groups. This is the key bit of information our best source tells us. The Huns have undermined the security of tenure that the Goths have had north of the Black Sea. I mean, currently, it's exactly the area where the current

It is. And it's not just one Gothic group. It's two large Gothic groups. This is the key bit of information our best source tells us. The Huns have undermined the security of tenure that the Goths have had north of the Black Sea. I mean, currently, it's exactly the area where the current

It is. And it's not just one Gothic group. It's two large Gothic groups. This is the key bit of information our best source tells us. The Huns have undermined the security of tenure that the Goths have had north of the Black Sea. I mean, currently, it's exactly the area where the current

ukraine war is being fought but they'd been there for over a century so you know it's not like they moved in one day moved out the next they'd established a reasonably stable hegemony in that region but the arrival of the hans undermines that and we end up with two separate large gothic groups both wanting admission to the empire Scale of it? Well, one source says over 100,000 people. Oh, right.

ukraine war is being fought but they'd been there for over a century so you know it's not like they moved in one day moved out the next they'd established a reasonably stable hegemony in that region but the arrival of the hans undermines that and we end up with two separate large gothic groups both wanting admission to the empire Scale of it? Well, one source says over 100,000 people. Oh, right.

ukraine war is being fought but they'd been there for over a century so you know it's not like they moved in one day moved out the next they'd established a reasonably stable hegemony in that region but the arrival of the hans undermines that and we end up with two separate large gothic groups both wanting admission to the empire Scale of it? Well, one source says over 100,000 people. Oh, right.

Well, that's a lot in one place. It is a lot of people in one place. And it's not surprising that food supply has become a problem. The clearer piece of evidence that it's a lot of people is the fact that they can destroy Valens' eastern borders. field army on one day at Hadrianople in 378.

Well, that's a lot in one place. It is a lot of people in one place. And it's not surprising that food supply has become a problem. The clearer piece of evidence that it's a lot of people is the fact that they can destroy Valens' eastern borders. field army on one day at Hadrianople in 378.

Well, that's a lot in one place. It is a lot of people in one place. And it's not surprising that food supply has become a problem. The clearer piece of evidence that it's a lot of people is the fact that they can destroy Valens' eastern borders. field army on one day at Hadrianople in 378.

How many you think there were slightly depends on how many troops you think Valens brought with him, but our best source tells us that two-thirds of Valens' army died.

How many you think there were slightly depends on how many troops you think Valens brought with him, but our best source tells us that two-thirds of Valens' army died.

How many you think there were slightly depends on how many troops you think Valens brought with him, but our best source tells us that two-thirds of Valens' army died.

Yes. The key point is that Valens is not in Constantinople. He's in Antioch because he's fighting Persia.

Yes. The key point is that Valens is not in Constantinople. He's in Antioch because he's fighting Persia.

Yes. The key point is that Valens is not in Constantinople. He's in Antioch because he's fighting Persia.

So he and his army are fully engaged against Persia when the security of the Danube frontier collapses. So, you know. foreign policy headache number one. And he doesn't let them all in. What he does is let one group in and try and exclude the other. I'm absolutely certain, left to his own devices, he'd have let none of them in.

So he and his army are fully engaged against Persia when the security of the Danube frontier collapses. So, you know. foreign policy headache number one. And he doesn't let them all in. What he does is let one group in and try and exclude the other. I'm absolutely certain, left to his own devices, he'd have let none of them in.

So he and his army are fully engaged against Persia when the security of the Danube frontier collapses. So, you know. foreign policy headache number one. And he doesn't let them all in. What he does is let one group in and try and exclude the other. I'm absolutely certain, left to his own devices, he'd have let none of them in.