Professor Peter Heather

So actually, a well-placed series of local garrison infantry and cavalry forces is a perfectly good response to that potential level of threat. So to my mind, there are others who don't think this. There are some who think that the threat only built up from about 360.

I think the evidence is good enough to suggest that from the 290s onwards, we're seeing small boatloads of Saxons turn up periodically and that the Romans have had to counter it. And it is said...

I think the evidence is good enough to suggest that from the 290s onwards, we're seeing small boatloads of Saxons turn up periodically and that the Romans have had to counter it. And it is said...

I think the evidence is good enough to suggest that from the 290s onwards, we're seeing small boatloads of Saxons turn up periodically and that the Romans have had to counter it. And it is said...

quite specific the carousers is given quite a lot of money to build defenses against raiding in the channel and it's this money that he uses then to mount his user patient so there's something going on in the channel and if it's not franks and saxons it's both of them are mentioned then who is it well yeah exactly it seems to very likely very possible no i think it is yeah so

quite specific the carousers is given quite a lot of money to build defenses against raiding in the channel and it's this money that he uses then to mount his user patient so there's something going on in the channel and if it's not franks and saxons it's both of them are mentioned then who is it well yeah exactly it seems to very likely very possible no i think it is yeah so

quite specific the carousers is given quite a lot of money to build defenses against raiding in the channel and it's this money that he uses then to mount his user patient so there's something going on in the channel and if it's not franks and saxons it's both of them are mentioned then who is it well yeah exactly it seems to very likely very possible no i think it is yeah so

Well, certainly the 360s looks as though it was a step change. There's a thing called, our contemporary historian Ammianus Marcellinus calls the barbarian conspiracy.

Well, certainly the 360s looks as though it was a step change. There's a thing called, our contemporary historian Ammianus Marcellinus calls the barbarian conspiracy.

Well, certainly the 360s looks as though it was a step change. There's a thing called, our contemporary historian Ammianus Marcellinus calls the barbarian conspiracy.

You just can't trust these barbarians. They're always going to conspire if you take your eyes off them for a moment. And that's a simultaneous attack by Picts and Scots. Scots, of course, are the Irish. So we've got raiding on the west coast of Roman Britain from Ireland. We've got Picts maybe also coming by boat rather than just going around Hadrian's Walkway or something like that.

You just can't trust these barbarians. They're always going to conspire if you take your eyes off them for a moment. And that's a simultaneous attack by Picts and Scots. Scots, of course, are the Irish. So we've got raiding on the west coast of Roman Britain from Ireland. We've got Picts maybe also coming by boat rather than just going around Hadrian's Walkway or something like that.

You just can't trust these barbarians. They're always going to conspire if you take your eyes off them for a moment. And that's a simultaneous attack by Picts and Scots. Scots, of course, are the Irish. So we've got raiding on the west coast of Roman Britain from Ireland. We've got Picts maybe also coming by boat rather than just going around Hadrian's Walkway or something like that.

Because there are watchtowers that are refurbished in the 4th century on the Yorkshire coast. And I doubt that the Saxons are rowing all the way up to... And that would be a cunning plan in spades. So it's usually argued that these are the picks. And I think that's entirely plausible that it's so. At that same time, that exact same moment,

Because there are watchtowers that are refurbished in the 4th century on the Yorkshire coast. And I doubt that the Saxons are rowing all the way up to... And that would be a cunning plan in spades. So it's usually argued that these are the picks. And I think that's entirely plausible that it's so. At that same time, that exact same moment,

Because there are watchtowers that are refurbished in the 4th century on the Yorkshire coast. And I doubt that the Saxons are rowing all the way up to... And that would be a cunning plan in spades. So it's usually argued that these are the picks. And I think that's entirely plausible that it's so. At that same time, that exact same moment,

In the 360s, we then also get Saxons attacking in the south. There's been an attempt to say that that's not so, but the sort of majority opinion is now quite clear that what Amir Anas seems to be saying is what he actually said. that we had Saxon raiding at that point in the mid-360s, and two British military commanders are killed.

In the 360s, we then also get Saxons attacking in the south. There's been an attempt to say that that's not so, but the sort of majority opinion is now quite clear that what Amir Anas seems to be saying is what he actually said. that we had Saxon raiding at that point in the mid-360s, and two British military commanders are killed.

In the 360s, we then also get Saxons attacking in the south. There's been an attempt to say that that's not so, but the sort of majority opinion is now quite clear that what Amir Anas seems to be saying is what he actually said. that we had Saxon raiding at that point in the mid-360s, and two British military commanders are killed.

One who seems to have been the garrison commander in and around Hadrian's Wall, but then also someone else who's called the Count of the Maritime Tract is killed. And I suspect that that is the ancestral command position for the Count of the Saxon Shore. The Saxon Shore. I think. I think what Stilicho is doing is saying, I've come Completely changed everything. He's renamed it.