Randall Carlson

And also, during this transition phase from full glacial to interglacial, the environment and the weather and everything is going to be extremely chaotic. We're going to look at a graph here in a minute that really drives that point home. Sea levels already, you know, you look at that intertidal zone, it's a high energy zone. And it can be very erosive even in modern times.

And also, during this transition phase from full glacial to interglacial, the environment and the weather and everything is going to be extremely chaotic. We're going to look at a graph here in a minute that really drives that point home. Sea levels already, you know, you look at that intertidal zone, it's a high energy zone. And it can be very erosive even in modern times.

And I've got some amazing examples of when you have like storm surges and things, the amount of geomorphic work that can be affected on a coastline. During the rapid rising of sea level, it's going to be an order of magnitude more energetic. So anything that anybody builds along a river or along the coastline during, say, the later stages of the Ice Age, It's going to be gone.

And I've got some amazing examples of when you have like storm surges and things, the amount of geomorphic work that can be affected on a coastline. During the rapid rising of sea level, it's going to be an order of magnitude more energetic. So anything that anybody builds along a river or along the coastline during, say, the later stages of the Ice Age, It's going to be gone.

And I've got some amazing examples of when you have like storm surges and things, the amount of geomorphic work that can be affected on a coastline. During the rapid rising of sea level, it's going to be an order of magnitude more energetic. So anything that anybody builds along a river or along the coastline during, say, the later stages of the Ice Age, It's going to be gone.

There's not going to be anything left of it. You know, and when you see, like I showed you, we looked on the map and maybe if, um, Ryan wants to pull that map up that we were looking at of, of, uh, there we go. This is a beautiful example of an underfit river. Let's see, go to the west, Ryan, where we're going to follow it down. Yeah. Right in there. Okay. Let's pause right there and zoom in.

There's not going to be anything left of it. You know, and when you see, like I showed you, we looked on the map and maybe if, um, Ryan wants to pull that map up that we were looking at of, of, uh, there we go. This is a beautiful example of an underfit river. Let's see, go to the west, Ryan, where we're going to follow it down. Yeah. Right in there. Okay. Let's pause right there and zoom in.

There's not going to be anything left of it. You know, and when you see, like I showed you, we looked on the map and maybe if, um, Ryan wants to pull that map up that we were looking at of, of, uh, there we go. This is a beautiful example of an underfit river. Let's see, go to the west, Ryan, where we're going to follow it down. Yeah. Right in there. Okay. Let's pause right there and zoom in.

And you can see that what you've got is that the modern Minnesota River occupies a much larger channel. Now, the old view would be that, oh, okay, well, this formed over many, many, many eons, millions of years even. I had a...

And you can see that what you've got is that the modern Minnesota River occupies a much larger channel. Now, the old view would be that, oh, okay, well, this formed over many, many, many eons, millions of years even. I had a...

And you can see that what you've got is that the modern Minnesota River occupies a much larger channel. Now, the old view would be that, oh, okay, well, this formed over many, many, many eons, millions of years even. I had a...

guy once 25, 30 years ago, tell me, Oh, well, cause I was citing this, this right here, because when I was, when I was, uh, 18 years old, 1969, the year I got out, summer, I got out of high school. There was a flying cloud airport, which is up to the, to the, uh, to the East there. And They used to have rock concerts.

guy once 25, 30 years ago, tell me, Oh, well, cause I was citing this, this right here, because when I was, when I was, uh, 18 years old, 1969, the year I got out, summer, I got out of high school. There was a flying cloud airport, which is up to the, to the, uh, to the East there. And They used to have rock concerts.

guy once 25, 30 years ago, tell me, Oh, well, cause I was citing this, this right here, because when I was, when I was, uh, 18 years old, 1969, the year I got out, summer, I got out of high school. There was a flying cloud airport, which is up to the, to the, uh, to the East there. And They used to have rock concerts.

I've told this story before, but it's an interesting story and people always ask me, how did you get into this kind of stuff? And there was several episodes, but one of the key outstanding episodes was, you know, I'm 18 years old and I was at this rock concert that was up on the bluffs on the north side of the channel, the big channel.

I've told this story before, but it's an interesting story and people always ask me, how did you get into this kind of stuff? And there was several episodes, but one of the key outstanding episodes was, you know, I'm 18 years old and I was at this rock concert that was up on the bluffs on the north side of the channel, the big channel.

I've told this story before, but it's an interesting story and people always ask me, how did you get into this kind of stuff? And there was several episodes, but one of the key outstanding episodes was, you know, I'm 18 years old and I was at this rock concert that was up on the bluffs on the north side of the channel, the big channel.

And during a break in the music, I walked over to the edge of the bluff, which is 200 to 200, excuse me, 250 feet high. And I looked down, and below me, I could see the Minnesota River, and it had entrenched itself into the bottom of the channel.

And during a break in the music, I walked over to the edge of the bluff, which is 200 to 200, excuse me, 250 feet high. And I looked down, and below me, I could see the Minnesota River, and it had entrenched itself into the bottom of the channel.

And during a break in the music, I walked over to the edge of the bluff, which is 200 to 200, excuse me, 250 feet high. And I looked down, and below me, I could see the Minnesota River, and it had entrenched itself into the bottom of the channel.