Randall Carlson

Because you've got to be able to explain. See, when we look during the Little Ice Age, which lasted from the 1300s to the mid-1800s, glaciers worldwide grew to their largest extent that they had been in over 10,000 years. When those glaciers began to melt, that was like

Because you've got to be able to explain. See, when we look during the Little Ice Age, which lasted from the 1300s to the mid-1800s, glaciers worldwide grew to their largest extent that they had been in over 10,000 years. When those glaciers began to melt, that was like

Because you've got to be able to explain. See, when we look during the Little Ice Age, which lasted from the 1300s to the mid-1800s, glaciers worldwide grew to their largest extent that they had been in over 10,000 years. When those glaciers began to melt, that was like

The early 1800s, the end of the Little Ice Age coincided almost precisely with the emergence of geological science and glaciological science. When Agassiz, Louis Agassiz, was kind of considered the godfather of glaciology, he was studying firsthand the effects of when the Little Ice Age glaciers were shrinking back.

The early 1800s, the end of the Little Ice Age coincided almost precisely with the emergence of geological science and glaciological science. When Agassiz, Louis Agassiz, was kind of considered the godfather of glaciology, he was studying firsthand the effects of when the Little Ice Age glaciers were shrinking back.

The early 1800s, the end of the Little Ice Age coincided almost precisely with the emergence of geological science and glaciological science. When Agassiz, Louis Agassiz, was kind of considered the godfather of glaciology, he was studying firsthand the effects of when the Little Ice Age glaciers were shrinking back.

So from that, they extrapolated to some of the similar effects of the great ice ages. But at that point, the thing was is that Well, a lot of the early geologists were catastrophists. That's something to circle back to. But the point is that when these ice sheets were melting back, you didn't have flows, discharges of 50 or 100 or 200 million cubic feet per second.

So from that, they extrapolated to some of the similar effects of the great ice ages. But at that point, the thing was is that Well, a lot of the early geologists were catastrophists. That's something to circle back to. But the point is that when these ice sheets were melting back, you didn't have flows, discharges of 50 or 100 or 200 million cubic feet per second.

So from that, they extrapolated to some of the similar effects of the great ice ages. But at that point, the thing was is that Well, a lot of the early geologists were catastrophists. That's something to circle back to. But the point is that when these ice sheets were melting back, you didn't have flows, discharges of 50 or 100 or 200 million cubic feet per second.

We haven't experienced anything like that in modern times, within historical times. I mean, when we're talking about, and we're going to look in a minute here at Grand Coulee, we're looking at the peak discharge that created Grand Coulee. It might have been 350 million cubic feet per second. Well, that's more. That's 10 times more than the combined flow of every single river on Earth.

We haven't experienced anything like that in modern times, within historical times. I mean, when we're talking about, and we're going to look in a minute here at Grand Coulee, we're looking at the peak discharge that created Grand Coulee. It might have been 350 million cubic feet per second. Well, that's more. That's 10 times more than the combined flow of every single river on Earth.

We haven't experienced anything like that in modern times, within historical times. I mean, when we're talking about, and we're going to look in a minute here at Grand Coulee, we're looking at the peak discharge that created Grand Coulee. It might have been 350 million cubic feet per second. Well, that's more. That's 10 times more than the combined flow of every single river on Earth.

We haven't seen anything like that in modern times. And I think part of the reason is, is modern times is a function of post-Ice Age meltdown. Okay, Ryan, let's go south. Come down. Okay, let's see. Go over to the west. Let's see. Go up there. Go up to Madison. Go up to Madison, and we're going to see that we zoom in. Let's see. Ah, there we go. Look over there to the right. Go east.

We haven't seen anything like that in modern times. And I think part of the reason is, is modern times is a function of post-Ice Age meltdown. Okay, Ryan, let's go south. Come down. Okay, let's see. Go over to the west. Let's see. Go up there. Go up to Madison. Go up to Madison, and we're going to see that we zoom in. Let's see. Ah, there we go. Look over there to the right. Go east.

We haven't seen anything like that in modern times. And I think part of the reason is, is modern times is a function of post-Ice Age meltdown. Okay, Ryan, let's go south. Come down. Okay, let's see. Go over to the west. Let's see. Go up there. Go up to Madison. Go up to Madison, and we're going to see that we zoom in. Let's see. Ah, there we go. Look over there to the right. Go east.

You're going to see there's a whole drumlin swarm there. And again, you're going to notice how it's diverging out. And then if you follow that up, you're going to see right up there, it goes up to, what is it, Lake Winnebago. And then it goes right up and it's like a continuation of that lake right there. That is Lake Winnebago, yes. And then if you follow that up,

You're going to see there's a whole drumlin swarm there. And again, you're going to notice how it's diverging out. And then if you follow that up, you're going to see right up there, it goes up to, what is it, Lake Winnebago. And then it goes right up and it's like a continuation of that lake right there. That is Lake Winnebago, yes. And then if you follow that up,

You're going to see there's a whole drumlin swarm there. And again, you're going to notice how it's diverging out. And then if you follow that up, you're going to see right up there, it goes up to, what is it, Lake Winnebago. And then it goes right up and it's like a continuation of that lake right there. That is Lake Winnebago, yes. And then if you follow that up,

It's a continuation of a large meltwater channel that produced what is now Green Bay. The land between the town of Green Bay and the northern rim of Winnebago is choked with sediment. If you were to sweep the sediment out, you would see that Winnebago is a continuation of Green Bay. All of that's under the ice sheet.

It's a continuation of a large meltwater channel that produced what is now Green Bay. The land between the town of Green Bay and the northern rim of Winnebago is choked with sediment. If you were to sweep the sediment out, you would see that Winnebago is a continuation of Green Bay. All of that's under the ice sheet.