Robert Fried

Wow.

I mean, that's incredible.

We've done a number of shows, episodes on the importance of mitochondrial health and conversely, the conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

And so this is a really interesting sort of piece of that to that puzzle.

Yeah.

And NAD even goes beyond mitochondrial health.

There are mechanisms in place within the cell for healing when there is damage.

There are these enzymes called PARP enzymes where there's a gene mutation or there's some physical damage or there's oxidative stress or inflammation.

One group of PARP enzymes will flag it and another group of PARP enzymes will try to heal it or cure it.

And then even another group, if the cell is irreparable, will actually do something called apoptosis, kill the cell.

All those processes are related to NAD.

So when you have a high saturation level of NAD, they do those things very well.

So it makes sense that as a prophylactic for disease or other types of conditions, higher NAD levels are important.

And what is the relationship between NAD and aging?

Great question.

I've heard people say NAD is aging.

The levels of NAD that we have decline fairly rapidly, even beginning in your 20s.

But what we've seen is that when a cell is under metabolic stress of any type, that's when NAD levels go down.

Interestingly, there are these whole sets of orphan diseases, meaning rare diseases,

where kids age very, very rapidly.