Robert Pape

He and then Kamala Harris, they use different rhetoric.

Their rhetoric was not we're right, you're wrong.

Their rhetoric was let's bring down the temperature overall.

And in our data, what we were tracking with our surveys is it actually was coming down over.

That's one of the over the fall of 2024.

So the the rhetoric here was actually moderating.

And then you could see the support for political violence literally declining in our surveys.

So that when the election happened and the Democrats lost, I wasn't at all surprised we didn't have political violence.

A lot of people were saying, where's the violence?

Well, by bringing it down, the support for violence.

Oh, you're talking about Shapiro.

Josh Shapiro.

I think you're from Pennsylvania.

Well, what I'm trying to point out, Patrick, is that you could have had a different outcome that was bottom up.

And that did not happen here.

And it didn't happen.

And I believe part of the reason, you're right, there's another part.

I don't mean to say this is just a monocausal outcome.

was you literally did have leaders, and I'm giving credit here to President Biden and some to Kamala Harris, but also if you look at Mike Johnson's rhetoric here during this period of time, this was after the first Trump assassination attempt and after the second here, you'll see it's a much more moderated,

everybody needs to bring down the rhetoric.