Safi Bahcall

And some innovations are very splashy and some innovations are very important, but you don't see them. Jobs' introduction of the iPod was flashy, but actually one of his most critical innovations was to close the Apple ecosystem. That's not a very sexy phrase or you don't even know, what are you talking about?

And some innovations are very splashy and some innovations are very important, but you don't see them. Jobs' introduction of the iPod was flashy, but actually one of his most critical innovations was to close the Apple ecosystem. That's not a very sexy phrase or you don't even know, what are you talking about?

But if you go back to what he did when he came back to Apple the second time in 97, Apple had opened up its ecosystem and everybody was making Apple clones and they were really struggling. And he paid a lot of money to shut that down, take all those licenses away right off those contracts.

But if you go back to what he did when he came back to Apple the second time in 97, Apple had opened up its ecosystem and everybody was making Apple clones and they were really struggling. And he paid a lot of money to shut that down, take all those licenses away right off those contracts.

And what that did was it created a walled off garden where they could do what they wanted and they could create an environment that they optimized for their customer. It's easy to say, oh, the iPod was kind of flashy and the iPhone was kind of flashy. Many of his flashy things didn't work. The next cube before Apple was a disaster and many of his other ideas were disasters.

And what that did was it created a walled off garden where they could do what they wanted and they could create an environment that they optimized for their customer. It's easy to say, oh, the iPod was kind of flashy and the iPhone was kind of flashy. Many of his flashy things didn't work. The next cube before Apple was a disaster and many of his other ideas were disasters.

But actually some of the biggest breakthroughs that he did were the non-flashy things like closing off the ecosystem, charging 99 cents for a song at the time when Napster was out there and everybody thought that was a stupid idea because you could just pirate songs for free. People just didn't understand that there were some other things going on.

But actually some of the biggest breakthroughs that he did were the non-flashy things like closing off the ecosystem, charging 99 cents for a song at the time when Napster was out there and everybody thought that was a stupid idea because you could just pirate songs for free. People just didn't understand that there were some other things going on.

Once they launched that idea, people wanted the security. So the message is Apple has done a lot of things under Tim Cook because Tim Cook, I think, kept a lot of the same system that Jobs had. And Apple has done a lot of things underneath the hood that have been very important for their business.

Once they launched that idea, people wanted the security. So the message is Apple has done a lot of things under Tim Cook because Tim Cook, I think, kept a lot of the same system that Jobs had. And Apple has done a lot of things underneath the hood that have been very important for their business.

And one of the things I talk about Love Your Artist and Soldiers equally, well, Jobs saw himself as this ultimate artist and designer, and he got really into the fonts and look, and he worked very closely with Johnny Ive about design. And so that's kind of the world that he was coming from.

And one of the things I talk about Love Your Artist and Soldiers equally, well, Jobs saw himself as this ultimate artist and designer, and he got really into the fonts and look, and he worked very closely with Johnny Ive about design. And so that's kind of the world that he was coming from.

But he had learned in this interim period between his first time at Apple and his second time at Apple, he had learned from the movie business, Pixar, that you have to combine artists with soldiers. And in the movie business, you have directors and writers who are the artists and actors. But there's no movie if you don't have a producer and a budget and money.

But he had learned in this interim period between his first time at Apple and his second time at Apple, he had learned from the movie business, Pixar, that you have to combine artists with soldiers. And in the movie business, you have directors and writers who are the artists and actors. But there's no movie if you don't have a producer and a budget and money.

So every movie is a lesson in combining artists and soldiers. And he brought that back to Apple. And so he encouraged beautiful artistry and beautiful design with Johnny Ives Group. But one of the first thing he did was bring in a guy way back from Compact Computer who was known as the Attila the Hun of inventory.

So every movie is a lesson in combining artists and soldiers. And he brought that back to Apple. And so he encouraged beautiful artistry and beautiful design with Johnny Ives Group. But one of the first thing he did was bring in a guy way back from Compact Computer who was known as the Attila the Hun of inventory.

And if there's sort of a better word for a soldier inside a company, I don't know it. And that guy was Tim Cook. And Jobs led not like this Moses that was coming up with ideas, but he led really by managing the touch and balance between the Johnny Ives and the Tim Cooks. And if it wasn't for Johnny Ives' group coming up with a beautiful iPad design, that would have been a problem.

And if there's sort of a better word for a soldier inside a company, I don't know it. And that guy was Tim Cook. And Jobs led not like this Moses that was coming up with ideas, but he led really by managing the touch and balance between the Johnny Ives and the Tim Cooks. And if it wasn't for Johnny Ives' group coming up with a beautiful iPad design, that would have been a problem.

But if it wasn't for Tim Cook lowering the cost from $5,000 to $600, there would be no Apple today. So you need both. And Jobs understood that even though he saw himself as this ultimate artist, the person who took over when he died was not the ultimate artist. It was the ultimate soldier. I think the lesson that Tim Cook took from that is balance your artists and soldiers, love them both equally.

But if it wasn't for Tim Cook lowering the cost from $5,000 to $600, there would be no Apple today. So you need both. And Jobs understood that even though he saw himself as this ultimate artist, the person who took over when he died was not the ultimate artist. It was the ultimate soldier. I think the lesson that Tim Cook took from that is balance your artists and soldiers, love them both equally.